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"There is an extensive literature on violent conflicts such as the 1994 Rwandan genocide, but few papers examine the profiles of victims and perpetrators, or more broadly the micro-level dynamics of widespread violence. This paper studies the demographic consequences of the Rwandan genocide and how the excess mortality due to the conflict was distributed in the population. Data collected by the 2000 Demographic and Health Survey indicate that although there were more deaths across the entire population, adult males were the most likely to die. Using the characteristics of the survey respondent as a proxy for the socio-economic status of the family dead, the results also show that individuals with an urban or more educated background were more likely to die. Over and above the human tragedies, a long-term cost of the genocide is the country's loss of productive skills. "--World Bank web site.

Genocide --- Mortality

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Paul Wolfowitz, President of the World Bank, remembers and honors the victims and the survivors of the worst act of genocide in Europe since the World War II and commits to helping rebuild shattered lives. He resolves that these horrible events must never be repeated. The World Bank has been able to participate in building a better future for Bosnia and he appeals to everyone to stand together to make the dreams of the young generation a reality.

Conflict and Development --- Crime and Society --- Genocide --- Governance --- Post Conflict Reconstruction --- Social Development

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The aim of this paper is to study the short and long-term fertility effects of mass violent conflict on different population sub-groups. The authors pool three nationally representative demographic and health surveys from before and after the genocide in Rwanda, identifying conflict exposure of the survivors in multiple ways. The analysis finds a robust effect of genocide on fertility, with a strong replacement effect for lost children. Having lost siblings reduces fertility only in the short term. Most interesting is the continued importance of the institution of marriage in determining fertility and in reducing fertility for the large group of widows in Rwanda.

Conflict --- Demography --- Fertility --- Gender --- Gender and Law --- Gender and Social Development --- Genocide --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Population & Development --- Population Policies --- Post Conflict Reconstruction --- Poverty Reduction --- Rwanda

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Human rights --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- National movements --- Belgium --- Rwanda --- Trials (Crimes against humanity) --- Competent authority --- Procès (Crimes contre l'humanité) --- Compétence (Droit) --- Belgium. Cours d'assises --- Belgique. Cours d'assises --- Trials (Genocide) --- Genocide --- History --- Atrocities --- 967.598 --- 341.48 <675.98> --- 341.32 --- -Trials (Genocide) --- -967.598 --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- RW / Rwanda - Ruanda --- 341.6 --- War crime trials --- Cleansing, Ethnic --- Ethnic cleansing --- Ethnic purification --- Ethnocide --- Purification, Ethnic --- Crime --- Geschiedenis van Rwanda. Ruanda --- Misdaden tegen de mensheid. Volkerenmoord--Ruanda. Rwanda --- Regels voor oorlogsvoering. Humanitair recht --- Arbitrage en internationale rechtspraak. --- -Atrocities. --- 341.32 Regels voor oorlogsvoering. Humanitair recht --- 341.48 <675.98> Misdaden tegen de mensheid. Volkerenmoord--Ruanda. Rwanda --- 967.598 Geschiedenis van Rwanda. Ruanda --- Procès (Crimes contre l'humanité) --- Compétence (Droit) --- Rwanda - International Justice - Genocide --- Republika y'u Rwanda --- Rwandu --- Ruanda --- République rwandaise --- Republic of Rwanda --- Résidence du Ruanda --- Republika Nyarwanda --- Repubulika y'Urwanda --- Rwandese Republic --- République du Rwanda --- Repubulika y'u Rwanda --- ルワンダ --- Ruwanda --- רואנדה --- Ruʼandah --- Jamhuri ya Rwanda --- Руанда --- Республика Руанда --- Respublika Ruanda --- 卢旺达 --- Luwangda --- Arbitrage en internationale rechtspraak --- Atrocities. --- Belgium. --- Belgique. --- Trials (Genocide) - Belgium --- Genocide - Rwanda --- Rwanda - History - Civil War, 1994 - Atrocities

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Community-Driven Development (or CDD) projects are now a major component of World Bank assistance to many developing countries. While varying greatly in size and form, such projects aim to ensure that communities have substantive control in deciding how project funds should be used. The proponents of CDD believe that giving beneficiaries the power to manage project resources will lead to more efficient and effective use of financial resources. It is also claimed that project-initiated participatory processes can have wider 'spillover' impacts, building local institutions and leadership, enhancing civic capacity, improving social relations and boosting state legitimacy. This paper briefly reviews the World Bank's experience of using CDD in conflict-affected and post-conflict areas of the East Asia and Pacific region. This paper provides a framework for assessing the impacts of CDD projects in post-conflict and conflict-affected areas. It tries to unpack the potential causal channels through which projects may have their desired, or other, impacts. The paper concludes with a short summary of what we know, what we don't, and potential future directions for research and programming.

Accountability --- Accounting --- Brain Drain --- Civil Service --- Communities --- Community Development and Empowerment --- Conflict and Development --- Conflict Resolution --- Economic Development --- Education --- Employment --- Financial Management --- Foundations --- Genocide --- Housing & Human Habitats --- Leadership --- Migration --- Municipalities --- Needs Assessment --- Peacebuilding --- Post Conflict Reconstruction --- Productivity --- Public Buildings --- Rehabilitation --- Resettlement --- Roads --- Rural Development --- Savings --- Social Development --- Sovereignty --- Universities --- Urban Areas --- Villages --- Violence --- Wages --- Water Supply --- Youth