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Uncovering the rich heritage of common ownership which existed before the dominance of capitalist property relations, Giovanna Ricoveri argues that the subsistence commons of the past can be reinvented today to provide an alternative to the current destructive economic order. Ricoveri outlines the distinct features of common ownership as it has existed in history through cooperatives, sustainable use of natural resources and direct democracy. In doing so, she shows how it is possible to provide goods and services which are not commodities exchanged on the capitalistic market, something still demonstrated today in village communities across the global South. Tracing the erosion of the commons from the European enclosures at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution to the new enclosures of modern capitalism, the book concludes by arguing that a new commons is needed today. It will be essential reading for activists as well as students and academics in history, politics, economics and development studies.

Commons. --- Natural resources, Communal. --- Sustainable development. --- Capitalism. --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Communal natural resources --- Community-owned natural resources --- Collective settlements --- Commons --- Public lands --- Village communities --- Common lands --- Communal land --- Communal lands --- Land tenure --- Real property --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Natural resources, Communal --- Environmental aspects --- Law and legislation --- Capitalism --- E-books --- Political Science --- Public Policy --- Environmental Policy

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Collective settlements --- Utopian socialism --- Visionary architecture --- Industrial sociology --- Communautés --- Socialisme utopique --- Architecture visionnaire --- Sociologie industrielle --- History --- Histoire --- Godin, Jean Baptiste André, --- Société du Familistère de Guise --- Godin, Jean-Baptiste André, --- Familistère de Guise --- --Économie sociale --- --Utopian socialism --- Utopias --- Godin, Jean Baptiste André, --- Société du Familistère de Guise --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- 330.08 --- 330.55 --- Economisten. --- Coöperatief stelsel. --- Communautés --- Ideal states --- States, Ideal --- Utopian literature --- Political science --- Socialism --- Voyages, Imaginary --- Dystopias --- Socialism, Utopian --- Economisten --- Coöperatief stelsel --- Godin, André, --- Godin, J.-B. A. --- Familistère de Guise --- History.

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Before collectivization of agriculture in Estonia, “kulaks” (better-off farmers) were persecuted and many of them were finally deported in March 1949. This book is situated on the local level; the aim is to understand what these processes meant from the perspective of the Estonian rural population, a kind of study that has been missing so far. Analyzes the mechanisms of repression, applying new aspects. Repression was mainly conducted through a bureaucratic process where individual denunciations were not even necessary. The main tool of persecution was a screening of the rural population with the help of records, censuses and local knowledge, in order to identify, or invent, “kulak families”. Moreover, in the Estonian sources, the World War II history of each individual was a crucial part of screenings. The prisoners of war of the Red Army, held in camps in Estonia, played an unexpected part in this campaign. Another result is a so far neglected wave of peaceful resistance as the kulak identifications were challenged in 1947-48. This has not been addressed in the existing literature. The results mainly answer the question “how” this process worked, whereas the question ”why” finds hypothetical responses in the life trajectories of actors.

Collectivization of agriculture --- State-sponsored terrorism --- Communism --- Peasants --- Collective farms --- Land tenure --- History. --- History --- Estonia --- Rural conditions --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Peasantry --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Government violence --- Governmental violence --- State-sponsored violence --- State terrorism --- Violence, Governmental --- Violence, State-sponsored --- Agricultural collectivization --- Collective farming --- Collectivisation of agriculture --- Ėstonskai︠a︡ SSR --- Ėstonskai︠a︡ S.S.R. --- Estonskaya Sovetskaya Sot︠s︡ialisticheskaya Respublika --- Ėstonskai︠a︡ Sovetskaia Sot︠s︡ialisticheskaia Respublika --- Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic --- Estonskaya SSR --- Estonskaya S.S.R. --- Estonian SSR --- Estonian S.S.R. --- Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistik Vabariik --- ENSV --- E.N.S.V. --- Eesti --- Ėstonii︠a︡ --- Eesti Vabariik --- Esthonia --- Estland --- Eesti NSV --- Republic of Estonia --- Ehstland --- Esthland --- R.P.S.S. Estonia --- RPSS Estonia --- Estonija --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom --- Agriculture, Cooperative --- Collective settlements --- Communism and agriculture --- State farms --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Political atrocities --- Terrorism --- Agriculture and state --- Ostland --- Ėstli︠a︡ndskai︠a︡ gubernīi︠a︡ (Russia) --- E-books --- Viro --- Эстония --- Collectivization, Agriculture, Communism, Estonia, Prisoners of war, Rural conditions, Soviet Union. --- Collectivization of agriculture-Estonia-History. --- Collectivization of agriculture-Soviet Union-History. --- State-sponsored terrorism-Estonia-History. --- Communism-Estonia-History-20th century. --- Peasants-Estonia-History-20th century. --- Collective farms-Estonia-History. --- Land tenure-Estonia-History. --- Estonia-Rural conditions-20th century. --- Estonia-History-1940-1991.