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The authors have prepared this paper as a companion to the Trade and Production database, which contains trade, production, and tariff data for 67 industrial and developing countries at the industry level for 1976-99. The sector disaggregation in the database follows the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), with data provided at the three-digit level (28 industries) for all 67 countries and at the four-digit level (81 industries) for 24 of these countries. The production data are from the United Nations Industrial Development Organization's Industrial Statistics Database at the three- and four-digit level of ISIC. They include value added, total output, average wages, capital formation, number of employees, number of female employees, and number of firms. The trade data are from the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database (through the World Bank's World Integrated Trade Solution, or WITS, software) and include imports and exports. Data on mirror exports (reported by trading partners) were obtained using WITS. The trade data are aggregated by region and income group, as defined by the World Bank. A separate data set provides bilateral trade flows (by partner) at the industry level. The data on average tariffs (most favored nation) are from the Trains database maintained by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and from the World Trade Organization's Trade Policy Reviews and Integrated Database. The database also provides an input-output table for each country using data from version 4 of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database. The database is available on request on CD-ROM in a series of ASCII files and Microsoft Excel worksheets. It is also available on the Web at http://www.worldbank.org./research/trade.

Commerce.

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Este informe brinda una evaluacion preliminar del acuerdo de libre comercio celebrado con America Central y Republica Dominicana (DR-CAFTA, por sus siglas en ingles), con especial atencion a tres temas principales: 1. los beneficios comerciales y no comerciales esperados, 2. las acciones que los paises de America Central necesitan adoptar para aprovechar las nuevas oportunidades y 3. la identificacion de los grupos de la poblacion que pueden requerir asistencia para adaptarse a un entorno mas competitivo. El documento coloca al DR-CAFTA en el contexto historico de las reformas economicas que se han implementado en los paises centroamericanos desde finales de la decada de 1980 y luego lo situa en el contexto actual. Asimismo, examina varios analisis que evaluan los impactos potenciales del DR-CAFTA en los paises de America Central e identifica las poblaciones que se veran posiblemente afectadas por la eliminacion de barreras al comercio en los productos agricolas sensibles, analizando las mejores opciones de politicas para ayudar a los grupos vulnerables. El informe tambien examina las pruebas asociadas con las implicaciones macroeconomicas principales del DR-CAFTA estudiando el potencial de perdida de ingreso y el efecto que podria tener sobre los patrones de sincronizacion del ciclo comercial y las pruebas de cada uno de los paises centroamericanos en las areas de facilitacion del comercio, reformas institucionales y normativas, ademas de en innovacion y educacion, con el proposito de identificar las principales prioridades de la agenda complementaria del DR-CAFTA.

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Going Digital in Latvia analyses recent developments in Latvia's digital economy, reviews policies related to digitalisation and make recommendations to increase policy coherence in this area, based on the OECD Going Digital Integrated Policy Framework. The review uses strategic foresight to explore three alternative future scenarios, which could result from the digital transformation of the global economy and society. It also examines the availability and quality of communication networks and services in Latvia as well as related policies and regulations. Further, it reviews trends in digital technology usage among individuals, businesses and the government, and examines policies to foster diffusion. Finally, the review analyses opportunities and challenges raised by digitalisation in key areas, from innovation and skills to digital security and data governance, and evaluates policy responses to these changes in Latvia.

Electronic commerce --- Electronic commerce.

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Electronic commerce.

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During Myanmar's decade of reforms, financial sector reforms were widely recognized to be a critical underpinning of Myanmar's democratization process, enabling the transition to a more egalitarian, accessible economy. Accordingly, the government developed a program of wide-ranging financial sector reform and development as described in the Financial Sector Development Strategy 2015-2020, and then supplemented and updated their approach via other strategy documents. informal providers, who could charge usury rates with little oversight. Despite significant political economy challenges and capacity constraints, since 2011 policymakers were able to carry out a substantial program of reforms to strengthen the financial sector and promote market development. However, due to the impact of COVID and the coup of February 2021, this reform agenda is at severe risk of stagnation or reversal. Progress in the modernization and accessibility of the financial sector is contingent on stability and the confidence of the public in financial institutions. Rectifying the damage to the sector under current circumstances seems especially challenging, unless there is stability and the public's confidence in the financial system is restored incrementally.

Electronic commerce.