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The four contributors to this volume examine the eugenic movements in Germany, France, Brazil, and the Soviet Union. The scientific components of those programmes are considered alongside the social, religious, and political forces which have altered their original scientific goals.

Cross-Cultural Comparison. --- Eugenics --- -Eugenics --- -Homiculture --- Race improvement --- Euthenics --- Heredity --- Involuntary sterilization --- history. --- History --- -Cross-cultural studies --- -History --- -Brazil. --- Germany. --- France. --- USSR. --- Soviet Union --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- Miquelon and Saint Pierre --- Miquelon and St. Pierre --- St. Pierre and Miquelon --- Corsica --- Saint Pierre and Miquelon --- Cross-cultural studies. --- -history. --- Cross-Cultural Comparison --- Homiculture --- Transcultural Studies --- Comparison, Cross-Cultural --- Comparisons, Cross-Cultural --- Cross Cultural Comparison --- Cross-Cultural Comparisons --- Studies, Transcultural --- Study, Transcultural --- Transcultural Study --- Cultural Characteristics --- Culture --- History&delete& --- Cross-cultural studies --- history --- Brazil. --- E-books

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Confidence in a country’s health care system requires indemnification and deterrence systems that adequately cover liability, provide fair compensation for injury, and deter medical malpractices.  Over the last years, in many OECD countries, these systems have experienced difficulties resulting in high-risk specialty physicians and surgeons leaving the practice and the development of expensive and useless—if not risky—defensive medicine.  This publication surveys and assesses various types of mechanisms and reforms that best limit and indemnify medical accidents. Reasons for difficulties faced by some compensation and prevention regimes, given the specificities of national circumstances and in particular of health care systems, are examined. The study offers a series of unique and focused policy options for establishing more efficient indemnification and deterrence systems to cope with medical accidents.

Physicians. --- Physicians --- Physicians' malpractice insurance --- Cross-Cultural Comparison --- Malpractice --- Insurance, Liability --- Jurisprudence --- Insurance --- Culture --- Social Control, Formal --- Sociology --- Anthropology, Cultural --- Financing, Organized --- Social Sciences --- Economics --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Anthropology --- Health Care --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Legal & Forensic Medicine --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Insurance, Physicians' liability --- Liability insurance, Physicians' --- Malpractice insurance, Physicians' --- Medical malpractice insurance for physicians --- Allopathic doctors --- Doctors --- Doctors of medicine --- MDs (Physicians) --- Medical doctors --- Medical profession --- Medical personnel --- Medicine

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Human reproductive technology --- Government policy --- -Human reproductive technology --- -AA / International- internationaal --- 338.6 --- Assisted human reproduction --- Assisted conception --- Conception --- Human assisted reproduction --- Human reproduction --- Medical technology --- Reproductive technology --- -Cross-cultural studies --- -Government policy --- -Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling. --- Technological innovations --- Reproductive Techniques, Assisted --- Cross-cultural comparison. --- Health Policy. --- legislation & jurisprudence. --- Legislation & jurisprudence. --- AA / International- internationaal --- Assisted human reproductive technology --- Human assisted reproductive technology --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling --- Human reproductive technology - Government policy - Cross-cultural studies --- Human reproductive technology - Government policy - Europe --- Human reproductive technology - Government policy - Canada --- Human reproductive technology - Government policy - United States

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In this unique anthology, Steckel and Floud coordinate ten essays that bring a new perspective to inquiry about standard of living in modern times. These papers are arranged for international comparison, and they individually examine evidence of health and welfare during and after industrialization in eight countries: the United States, Britain, Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Japan, and Australia. The essays incorporate several indicators of quality of life, especially real per capita income and health, but also real wages, education, and inequality. And while the authors use traditional measures of health such as life expectancy and mortality rates, this volume stands alone in its extensive use of new "anthropometric" data-information about height, weight and body mass index that indicates changes in nations' well-being. Consequently, Health and Welfare during Industrialization signals a new direction in economic history, a broader and more thorough understanding of what constitutes standard of living.

Public health --- Industrialization --- Quality of life --- Santé publique --- Industrialisation --- Qualité de la vie --- Economic aspects. --- Aspect économique --- Quality of life. --- Stature --- Health aspects. --- Santé publique --- Qualité de la vie --- Aspect économique --- Public Health --- Cross-Cultural Comparison --- History, 18th Century --- History, 19th Century --- History, 20th Century --- Industry --- Economic aspects --- Health aspects --- history --- E-books --- Body height --- Body stature --- Height, Body --- Anthropometry --- Body size --- Posture --- Life, Quality of --- Economic history --- Human ecology --- Life --- Social history --- Basic needs --- Human comfort --- Social accounting --- Work-life balance --- Industrial development --- Economic development --- Economic policy --- Deindustrialization --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Sanitary affairs --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Tertiary Sector --- Industries --- Sector, Tertiary --- Sectors, Tertiary --- Tertiary Sectors --- Commerce --- Ethics, Business --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- 18th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 18th Cent. History of Medicine --- 18th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 18th Century --- History of Medicine, 18th Cent. --- History, Eighteenth Century --- Medical History, 18th Cent. --- Medicine, 18th Cent. --- 18th Century History --- 18th Century Histories --- Cent. History, 18th (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 18th --- Century Histories, 18th --- Century Histories, Eighteenth --- Century History, 18th --- Century History, Eighteenth --- Eighteenth Century Histories --- Eighteenth Century History --- Histories, 18th Century --- Histories, Eighteenth Century --- History, 18th Cent. (Medicine) --- Transcultural Studies --- Comparison, Cross-Cultural --- Comparisons, Cross-Cultural --- Cross Cultural Comparison --- Cross-Cultural Comparisons --- Studies, Transcultural --- Study, Transcultural --- Transcultural Study --- Cultural Characteristics --- Culture --- Community Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Community --- Health, Public --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- inequality, education, real wages, per capita income, quality of life, industrialization, australia, japan, germany, france, the netherlands, sweden, britain, united states, body mass index, mortality, standard living, public health, economic growth, welfare, height, gender, women, poverty, modernization, wurttemberg, nonfiction, economics.

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This book investigates several important issues in the economics of aging, including the accumulation of wealth and the relationship between health and financial prosperity. Examining the changes in savings behavior and investment priorities in the United States over the past few decades, contributors to the volume point to a dramatic shift from employer-managed, defined benefit pensions to employee-controlled retirement savings plans. Further, the legislative reforms of the 1980's and the booming stock market of the 1990's did their share to influence individual wealth accumulation patterns of Americans. These studies also explore the relationship between health status and economic status. Considering issues like pension income and health, mortality, and medical care, contributors present evidence from the United States, Britain, South Africa, and Russia. The volume culminates with wide-ranging discussions on a number of key topics in the field including the innovations that have contributed to a decline in mortality rates; the various medical advances that have benefited populations over time; and the determinants of expenditures on health. The findings with regard to cross-sectional differences in health outcomes and health care utilization also pose troubling questions for policymakers seeking to democratize health care across regions and races.

Age group sociology --- United States --- Aged - United States - Economic conditions. --- Older people - United States - Economic conditions. --- Older people. --- Retirement - Economic aspects - United States. --- Retirement income - United States. --- Social Sciences --- Human Activities --- Demography --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Population Characteristics --- Culture --- Adult --- Sociology --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Anthropology, Cultural --- Health Care --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Age Groups --- Anthropology --- Persons --- Public Health --- Environment and Public Health --- Named Groups --- Economics --- Aged --- Cross-Cultural Comparison --- Health Status --- Retirement --- Socioeconomic Factors --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Gerontology --- AA / International- internationaal --- 368.43 --- 332.832 --- 658.324 --- 339.311.2 --- 339.4 --- NBB congres --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen. --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen. --- Pensioenen. Verzekeringen. --- Structuur van het sparen. --- Vermogensbeheer. Financiële analyse. Verspreiding van de beleggingsrisico's. --- Conferences - Meetings --- Older people --- Retirement income --- 401(k) plans. --- Individual retirement accounts --- Economic conditions. --- Economic aspects --- 401(k) plans --- Deferred compensation --- Economic conditions --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen --- Structuur van het sparen --- Vermogensbeheer. Financiële analyse. Verspreiding van de beleggingsrisico's --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen --- Pensioenen. Verzekeringen --- statistics & numerical data --- economics --- E-books --- Factors, Socioeconomic --- High-Income Population --- Inequalities --- Land Tenure --- Standard of Living --- Factor, Socioeconomic --- High Income Population --- High-Income Populations --- Inequality --- Living Standard --- Living Standards --- Population, High-Income --- Populations, High-Income --- Socioeconomic Factor --- Tenure, Land --- Retirements --- Level of Health --- Health Level --- Health Levels --- Status, Health --- Transcultural Studies --- Comparison, Cross-Cultural --- Comparisons, Cross-Cultural --- Cross Cultural Comparison --- Cross-Cultural Comparisons --- Studies, Transcultural --- Study, Transcultural --- Transcultural Study --- Cultural Characteristics --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Elderly --- Geriatrics --- Longevity --- Social Inequalities --- Social Inequality --- Inequalities, Social --- Inequality, Social --- Industrial productivity --- Economic development --- Production (Economic theory) --- Microeconomics --- Supply and demand --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Supply-side economics --- Productivity, Industrial --- TFP (Total factor productivity) --- Total factor productivity --- Industrial efficiency --- East Asia --- Economic policy --- Economic and Social Factors --- Social and Economic Factors --- Socioeconomic Characteristics --- Characteristic, Socioeconomic --- Socioeconomic Characteristic --- General Health --- General Health Level --- General Health Status --- Overall Health --- Overall Health Status --- General Health Levels --- Health Level, General --- Health Status, General --- Health Status, Overall --- Health, General --- Health, Overall --- Level, General Health --- Levels, General Health --- Status, General Health --- Status, Overall Health --- asian, eastern, regional, geography, global, international, australia, pacific rim, national, productive, product, industry, industrial, capital, labor, economy, economics, finance, financial, money, monetary, policy, education, technology, essay collection, anthology, macroeconomic, microeconomic, study, academic, scholarly, research, manufacturing, automobile, production, information, technological. --- age, aging, elderly, older, old, political economy, government, governing, economics, wealth, money, finances, health, healthy, healthcare, medical support, prosperity, savings, behavior, investments, priorities, united states of america, american culture, usa, pensions, retirement, reform, accumulation, personal income, mortality, great britain, south africa, british, african, russia, russian, policy, democracy, democratization.