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Energy conservation

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For decades, many developing countries have provided universal price subsidies for bottled gas to promote clean cooking. Advances in digital technology and ample evidence of the economic distortions caused by the subsidies have led some governments to instead use targeted cash transfers, slashing illegal diversion and fiscal costs. But the recent rise in fuel prices has put pressure on governments to reinstate universal price subsidies. This brief reviews how governments have targeted subsidies to the lesser-off and the political challenge of ending untargeted subsidies.

Energy conservation. --- Developing countries.

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The recent positive policy directions embodied in the New Thinking and One DA agenda have not yet fully translated into a shift in public expenditure patterns in the Philippine agriculture sector. One result is that agricultural growth remains low, and poverty in rural areas, where farming remains the main source of income, has stayed high. Underinvestment in public goods in agriculture, vital for inclusive growth, also drives the lack of growth. The continued bias supporting rice production has come at the expense of other agricultural products. The situation could worsen with the ongoing devolution resulting from the Mandanas Ruling of the Supreme Court unless the shift in the agriculture budget from central government to local government units (LGUs) accompanies clear changes in expenditure policies. To take full advantage of the opportunities arising from the new strategic directions and to devolve more responsibilities to LGUs, agricultural public expenditure policies must deal with challenges in three dimensions. First is the challenge of aligning expenditures with the ambition of the New Thinking. The second challenge is improving the currently low effectiveness of public spending, which is one factor behind the relatively low agricultural share in the government's overall budget. The third challenge is successfully implementing the financial and functional devolution resulting from the Mandanas Ruling. This Philippines Agriculture Sector Public Expenditure Review (AgPER) aims to (a) help the government evaluate the direction of spending policies under the New Thinking strategy and (b) consider the best way forward in devolving agricultural services to LGUs as a result of the Supreme Court's Mandanas Ruling.

Agriculture --- Energy conservation.

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Energy consumption --- -Energy conservation -

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As the East and Southeast Asian regions modernize and urbanize, the demand for energy is rapidly increasing. Apart from seeking to import fossil fuels from the Middle East, Africa, the Caspian Region, Russia, Latin America, Australia, etc., it is imperative for these Asian countries to cooperate in substantially raising the efficiency with which energy is consumed. This book offers a comprehensive examination of East and Southeast Asia's energy conservation policies. It begins with a summary of current and projected energy supply and demand patterns, and discussions of the need and basis for c

Energy conservation --- Energy policy