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Functional literacy --- Functional literacy. --- Literacy. --- Adult education. --- Adults, Education of --- Education of adults --- Education --- Continuing education --- Open learning --- Illiteracy --- General education --- Adult literacy --- Functional illiteracy --- Life skills --- Literacy

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Literacy in the Information Age, the final report from the International Adult Literacy Survey, presents evidence on the nature and magnitude of the literacy gaps faced by OECD countries. It offers new insights into the factors that influence the development of adult skills in various settings - at home, at work and across the 20 countries for which comparable household assessment results are included. Findings point to large differences in the average level and population distribution of literacy skills both within and between countries. Low literacy skills are evident among all adult groups in significant - albeit varying - proportions. Literacy proficiency varies considerably according to home background factors and educational attainment in most of the countries surveyed. However, the relationship between literacy skills and educational attainment is complex. Many adults have managed to attain high levels of literacy proficiency despite a low level of education; conversely, some have low literacy skills despite a high level of education. These differences matter both economically and socially: literacy affects, inter alia, labour quality and flexibility, employment, training opportunities, income from work and wider participation in civic society. Improving the literacy skills of the population remains a large challenge for policy makers. The results suggest that high-quality foundation learning in schools is important but insufficient as a sole means to that end. Policies directed at the workplace and family settings are also needed. The employers’ role in promoting and rewarding literacy skills is particularly important for skills development.

Content area reading. --- Education. --- Functional literacy. --- Literacy. --- Functional literacy --- Literacy --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Education, Special Topics --- Illiteracy --- Adult literacy --- Functional illiteracy --- General education --- Life skills --- Economic aspects --- Government policy. --- International Adult Literacy Survey. --- IALS

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A basic level of literacy and numeracy is essential for full participation in modern societies. While very few people in most of the advanced countries could be regarded as illiterate or innumerate, recent studies have shown that there are, in fact, significant numbers of people with poor skills, and that low levels of skills are associated with lower wages and greater chances of unemployment and disengagement from the labour market. At the same time, technological changes, particularly the increasing presence of information and communication technologies in all areas of life, have led to a growing demand for higher-level cognitive skills that involve understanding, interpreting, analysing and communicating complex information. In this context, policy makers need the most comprehensive and up-to-date information if they want to ensure that the supply of skills in the labour force matches labour-market demand. The Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), an international assessment of adult skills managed by the OECD, will be central in providing that information. Implemented by 25 countries in Europe, the Americas and Asia, PIAAC is compiling one of the richest sources of data regarding the skills that adults use in their work, home and communities, and related information, including family background, education, employment, income, civic participation and health. Results from the data, which are being collected from August 2011 to March 2012, will be available at the end of 2013. This report maps the development of the Programme, from determining what should be measured, to defining the meaning of PIAAC’s three core domains, “literacy”, “numeracy” and “problem solving in technology-rich environments”, to designing assessment tasks and determining how those tasks will be interpreted. It summarises the draft frameworks, developed by dedicated experts, for each of the assessment domains, and includes examples of the items and stimuli used to measure proficiency in the three domains. In essence, it provides an overview and a look at the underpinnings of PIAAC.

Functional literacy. --- Literacy. --- Mathematical ability. --- Problem solving. --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Education, Special Topics --- Life skills. --- Basic life skills --- Competencies, Functional --- Coping skills --- Everyday living skills --- Functional competencies --- Fundamental life skills --- Lifeskills --- Living skills --- Personal life skills --- Problems of everyday living, Skills for solving --- Skills, Life --- Arithmetical ability --- Number ability --- Illiteracy --- Adult literacy --- Functional illiteracy --- Ability --- Social learning --- Methodology --- Psychology --- Decision making --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- General education --- Life skills --- Literacy

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Educators believe that they are adequately preparing youth for the labor market while at the same time employers lament the students' lack of skills. A possible source of the mismatch in perceptions is that employers and educators have different understandings of the types of skills valued in the labor market. Using economics and psychology literature to define four skills sets-socio-emotional, higher-order cognitive, basic cognitive, and technical-this paper reviews the literature that quantitatively measures employer skill emand, as reported in a preference survey. A sample of 27 studies reveals remarkable consistency across the world in the skills demanded by employers. While employers value all skill sets, there is a greater demand for socio-emotional skills and higher-order cognitive skills than for basic cognitive or technical skills. These results are robust across region, industry, occupation, and education level. Employers perceive that the greatest skills gaps are in socio-emotional and higher-order cognitive skills. These findings suggest the need to re-conceptualize the public sector's role in preparing children for a future labor market. Namely, technical training is not equivalent to job training; instead, a broad range of skills, many of which are best taught long before labor market entry, should be included in school curricula from the earliest ages. The skills most demanded by employers-higher-order cognitive skills and socio-emotional skills-are largely learned or refined in adolescence, arguing for a general education well into secondary school until these skills are formed. Finally, the public sector can provide programming and incentives to non-school actors, namely parents and employers, to encourage them to invest in the skills evelopment process. Skills, labor demand, cognitive, non-cognitive, behavioral skills, competences, employer surveys, skills policy, education policy, training policy.

Ability. --- Academic Learning. --- Access and Equity in Basic Education. --- Achievement. --- Adolescence. --- Adolescents. --- Adult Literacy. --- Adults. --- Applied Skills. --- Attitudes. --- Basic Knowledge. --- Basic Literacy. --- Basic Numeracy. --- Basic Skills. --- Body Language. --- Caregivers. --- Child Development. --- Childhood Evelopment. --- Children. --- Classroom. --- Cognition. --- Cognitive Development. --- Cognitive Skills. --- Cognitive Test. --- Communication. --- Computer Literacy. --- Computer Skills. --- Concepts. --- Creativity. --- Critical Thinking. --- Curricula. --- Curriculum. --- Decision Making. --- Developmental Psychology. --- Disadvantaged Children. --- Early Childhood Development. --- Early Childhood. --- Early Enrichment. --- Early Stimulation. --- Educated Workers. --- Education for All. --- Education Institutions. --- Education Policy. --- Education Providers. --- Education Sector. --- Education System. --- Education. --- Educational Achievement. --- Educational Infrastructure. --- Educational Sciences. --- Educators. --- Effective Schools and Teachers. --- Effort. --- Elementary School. --- Emotional Development. --- Ethics. --- Exams. --- Experience. --- General Education. --- Girls. --- Global Education. --- Groups. --- Head Start. --- High School. --- Higher Education Institutions. --- Higher Education. --- Human Development. --- Information Processing. --- Instruction. --- Intelligence. --- Interventions. --- Investment. --- Job Training. --- Knowledge. --- Language. --- Leadership. --- Learning Outcomes. --- Learning. --- Levels of Education. --- Life Skills. --- Literacy Survey. --- Literacy. --- Memory. --- Needs. --- New Entrants. --- Numeracy. --- Nutrition. --- Oral Communication. --- Participation. --- Pedagogical Methods. --- Perception. --- Performance. --- Personality Traits. --- Personality. --- Preschool Education. --- Primary Data. --- Primary Education. --- Primary School. --- Primary Schooling. --- Problem Solving. --- Professional Knowledge. --- Psychology. --- Reasoning. --- Regional Education. --- School Activities. --- School Climate. --- School Clubs. --- School Curricula. --- School Curriculum. --- School Improvement. --- School Schools. --- School Setting. --- School. --- Schooling. --- Schools. --- Science. --- Secondary Education. --- Secondary School. --- Skill Acquisition. --- Skill Evelopment. --- Skilled Workers. --- Skills Acquisition. --- Skills Evelopment. --- Skills for Employment. --- Skills. --- Students. --- Study. --- Teacher Qualifications. --- Teacher. --- Teaching Methods. --- Teaching. --- Thinking. --- Training Programs. --- Training. --- Understanding. --- Values. --- Vocational Education. --- Women. --- Work Experience. --- Writing. --- Youth.