Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"In light of the recent argument that rapid economic growth in Russia over the next decade might result in emissions higher than the Kyoto target, thereby putting much-needed growth at risk, Lecocq and Shalizi revisit the discussion on the costs and benefits of ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by Russia. They conclude that even under a very high economic growth assumption, and even under very conservative assumptions about the decoupling between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth, Russia still benefits from a net surplus of emissions allowances, and thus will not see its growth adversely affected by the Kyoto target. In addition, a review of the possible costs and benefits of the Kyoto Protocol suggests that the potential sale of excess allowances far outweighs the other costs. This paper--a product of the Infrastructure and Environment Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze climate change mitigation and adaptation options"--World Bank web site.

Air --- Pollution --- Economic aspects --- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change --- Russia (Federation) --- Economic conditions.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Unlike the Kyoto protocol's clean development mechanism (CDM), Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement is designed to allow for international cooperation in carbon markets through decentralized governance. Under this article, bilateral or plurilateral cooperation between participating parties can be established through a mutually agreed policy and governance framework and reflected in the agreement between the parties involved. This decentralized architecture requires considerably higher levels of engagement and oversight from participating parties. The context for setting institutions and approval procedures at the domestic level is fundamentally rooted in the country's national climate strategy and their nationally determined contribution (NDC). A host country will need to establish a detailed Article 6 strategy that guides, but is not limited to, how its participation in Article 6 will help the country achieve its target. This paper forms the starting point, focusing on the institutional requirements to establish the policy and regulatory process that defines and supports the implementation of the potential activity cycle for Article 6.2 activities and transactions; identifies functions required at the national level from the host country's perspective; and discusses different options to allocate these functions to existing or new institutions. The Article 6.2 activity cycle can build on project cycles under the Kyoto protocol, with an added requirement for the authorization and transfer of mitigation outcomes (MOs). While the entire process can be developed domestically, host countries can also choose to use international crediting programs to register projects and issue units. However, the host country will still be responsible for the Article 6.2 process of authorizing and transferring ITMOs, as well as applying corresponding adjustments. The type of arrangement that a country chooses to adopt affects the type of institutional arrangement and functions of the different bodies involved.

Carbon Policy and Trading --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Climate change and its impacts are accelerating, making it more urgent than ever to transition to low-carbon and resilient economies, as envisioned in the Paris Agreement. Achieving this will require meeting the commitments made by countries in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), significantly increasing ambition as governments update their NDCs in 2020-2021 and beyond. One of the many ways in which the World Bank Group (WBG) is supporting climate action in its client countries is through the NDC Support Facility (NDC-SF). Launched in 2016, the NDC-SF works with developing countries that are members of the NDC Partnership, a global coalition of countries and institutions working to reduce emissions and build resilience by channeling financial and technical resources and promoting cross-sectoral collaboration and the engagement of diverse stakeholders. This paper provides an overview of the NDC-SF's work over the past three years, identifies key impacts and lessons learned, and describes its way forward.

Adaptation to Climate Change --- Carbon Policy and Trading --- Climate Change and Environment --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

More than 27% of total carbon dioxide emissions in OECD countries is produced by the transport sector, and there are still few signs that transportation energy use is peaking. Without new action, the prospects for reductions in CO2 emissions from this sector look bleak. This report reviews transport-related CO2 abatement policies in six IEA countries: Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The report focuses on past, recent and potential future policies and the policy context in each country. It provides a comprehensive description of selected key policy elements. A separate IEA report, which will be published early next year, will offer quantitative estimates of a major element in transport climate-change policy – the potential for reducing CO2 emissions by improving the fuel efficiency of passenger cars.

Automobiles -- Motors -- Exhaust gas -- Law and legislation. --- Carbon dioxide mitigation -- Law and legislation. --- Greenhouse gas mitigation. --- Greenhouse gases. --- Transportation and state. --- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992). Protocols, etc., 1997 Dec. 11. --- Carbon dioxide mitigation --- Automobiles --- Transportation and state --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental Engineering --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Motors --- Exhaust gas --- State and transportation --- Transportation --- Transportation policy --- Autos (Automobiles) --- Cars (Automobiles) --- Gasoline automobiles --- Motorcars (Automobiles) --- Atmospheric carbon dioxide mitigation --- Carbon dioxide capture --- Mitigation of carbon dioxide --- Motor vehicles --- Transportation, Automotive --- Pollution prevention --- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change --- Jingdu tiao yue --- Jingdu xie yi shu --- Jingdu yi ding shu --- Konvensi Perubahan Iklim --- Kyōto giteisho --- Kyoto Protocol --- Kyoto Treaty --- Lian he guo qi hou bian hua kuang jia gong yue de Jingdu yi ding shu --- Protokol Kyoto --- Protokol Kyoto Untuk Konvensi Kerangka Kerja PBB Tentang Perubahan Iklim --- 京都协议书 --- 京都条约 --- 京都議定書 --- 京都议定书 --- 联合国气候变化框架公约的京都议定书 --- Motor fuels --- Gaz carbonique --- Transport --- Carburants --- Environmental aspects --- Moteurs --- Gaz d'échappement --- Droit --- Réduction --- Politique gouvernementale --- Aspect de l'environnement

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements is a global, multi-disciplinary effort intended to help identify the key design elements of a scientifically sound, economically rational, and politically pragmatic post-2012 international policy architecture for addressing the threat of climate change. It has commissioned leading scholars to examine a uniquely wide range of core issues that must be addressed if the world is to reach an effective agreement on a successor regime to the Kyoto Protocol. The purpose of the project is not to become an advocate for any single policy but to present the best possible information and analysis on the full range of options concerning mitigation, adaptation, technology, and finance. The detailed findings of the Harvard Project are reported in this volume, which contains twenty-seven specially commissioned chapters. A companion volume summarizing the main findings of this research is published separately as Post-Kyoto International Climate Policy: Summary for Policymakers.

Climatic changes --- Environmental protection --- Environmental policy --- Government policy --- International cooperation --- #SBIB:327.7H42 --- #SBIB:35H434 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 355 --- Specifieke internationale organisaties en samenwerking: milieu --- Beleidssectoren: milieubeleid en ruimtelijke ordening --- Milieu --- Environmental policy. --- International cooperation. --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Government policy&delete& --- Environmental aspects --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change --- Jingdu tiao yue --- Jingdu xie yi shu --- Jingdu yi ding shu --- Konvensi Perubahan Iklim --- Kyōto giteisho --- Kyoto Protocol --- Kyoto Treaty --- Lian he guo qi hou bian hua kuang jia gong yue de Jingdu yi ding shu --- Protokol Kyoto --- Protokol Kyoto Untuk Konvensi Kerangka Kerja PBB Tentang Perubahan Iklim --- 京都协议书 --- 京都条约 --- 京都議定書 --- 京都议定书 --- 联合国气候变化框架公约的京都议定书 --- Global environmental change --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Climatic changes - Government policy - International cooperation --- Environmental protection - International cooperation