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"Enforcement more than regulations, laws-on-the-books, or voluntary codes is key to effective corporate governance, at least in transition and developing countries. Corporate governance and enforcement mechanisms are intimately linked as they affect firms' ability to commit to their stakeholders, in particular to external investors. Berglof and Claessens provide a framework for understanding these links and how they are shaped by countries' institutional contexts. When the general enforcement environment is weak and specific enforcement mechanisms function poorly, as in many developing and transition countries, few of the traditional corporate governance mechanisms are effective. The principal consequence in these countries is a large blockholder, but there are important potential costs to this mechanism. A range of private and public enforcement 'tools' can help reduce these costs and reinforce other supplementary corporate governance mechanisms. The limited empirical evidence suggests that private tools are more effective than public forms of enforcement in the typical environment of most developing and transition countries. However, public enforcement is necessary regardless, and private enforcement mechanisms often require public laws to function. Furthermore, in some countries at least, bottom-up, private-led tools preceded and even shaped public laws. Political economy constraints resulting from the intermingling of business and politics, however, often prevent improvements in the general enforcement environment, and adoption and implementation of public laws in these countries. This paper a product of the Global Corporate Governance Forum, Corporate Governance Department is part of a larger effort in the department to help improve the understanding of corporate governance reform in developing countries"--World Bank web site.

Corporate governance --- Corporate governance.

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الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا في سعيها لتعزيز النمو الاقتصادي والقدرة التنافسية وبناء مجتمعات مزدهرة. تشكل مبادئ منظمة التعاون الاقتصادي والتنمية / مجموعة العشرين الخاصة بحوكمة الشركات والمبادئ التوجيهية لمنظمة التعاون والتنمية الاقتصادية بشأن حوكمة الشركات الموجهة للمؤسسات المملوكة للدولة مرجعيةً لبناء مثل هذا الإطار. يقيّم هذا التقرير مشهد حوكمة الشركات في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا من خلال تحديد التحديات واقتراح الخيارات السياساتية للإصلاح. تستند نتائج التقرير إلى تحليل السياسات والممارسات في أربعة مجالات مواضيعية: تعزيز الوصول إلى التمويل وأسواق رأس المال، وتحسين الشفافية والإفصاح، وتحقيق التوازن الجنساني في قيادة الشركات، وتعزيز حوكمة الشركات المملوكة للدولة في المنطقة. بشكل عام، يخلص التقرير إلى أن اقتصادات منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا قد حققت تقدماً في تعزيز أطر حوكمة الشركات في السنوات الأخيرة، إلا أنها لا تزال تواجه تحديات في تبني وتنفيذ إجراءات حوكمة الشركات التي تدعم الكفاءة الاقتصادية والنمو المستدام والاستقرار المالي.

Corporate governance

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Nove Smjernice OECD-a za korporativno upravljanje u poduzećima u državnom vlasništvu predstavljaju međunarodno dogovoren standard koji državama pomaže u vrednovanju i unapređivanju svojih vlasničkih funkcija u poduzećima u državnom vlasništvu. Dobro korporativno upravljanje poduzećima u državnom vlasništvu ključni je reformski prioritet u brojnim zemljama. Poboljšana učinkovitost i veća transparentnost u javnom sektoru donose brojne ekonomske prednosti, posebno u zemljama u kojima je državno vlasništvo važno. Osim toga, stvaranje ravnopravnih uvjeta za privatna i javna poduzeća doprinosi stabilnosti i konkurentnosti poslovnog sektora. Smjernice koje su prvotno usvojene 2005. predstavljaju skup dobrih praksi za pravni i regulatorni okvir poduzeća u državnom vlasništvu, profesionalizaciju funkcije državnog vlasništva i sustave korporativnog upravljanja u poduzećima u državnom vlasništvu. Ova nova verzija preporuka razvijena je nakon gotovo deset godina iskustva u njihovoj provedbi te brojnih tematskih i komparativnih istraživanja razvijenih na temelju ranije verzije Smjernica, koja su ukazala na potrebu za revizijom Smjernica te pomogla u njezinoj izradi, osobito u područjima kao što su objavljivanje i transparentnost, tržišno natjecanje u javnom i privatnom sektoru, prakse nadzornih odbora i financiranje poduzeća u državnom vlasništvu.

Corporate governance.

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The G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance help policy makers evaluate and improve the legal, regulatory and institutional framework for corporate governance. They identify the key building blocks for a sound corporate governance framework and offer practical guidance for implementation at the national level. The Principles also provide guidance for stock exchanges, investors, corporations and others that have a role in developing good corporate governance.

Corporate governance.

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The OECD Corporate Governance Factbook provides easily accessible and up-to-date information on the institutional, legal and regulatory frameworks for corporate governance across 49 jurisdictions worldwide. Issued every two years, the Factbook complements the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and serves as a useful tool to track how the Principles are being implemented. It is also actively used by governments, regulators and other stakeholders to compare national frameworks and obtain information on latest trends. Prepared in parallel to the 2023 review of the Principles, this edition takes account of the new recommendations in the Principles on sustainability, company groups, and virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings. The Factbook also highlights the latest developments in the global market and corporate ownership landscape, the role and rights of shareholders, and the duties and responsibilities of boards.

Corporate governance.