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The International Monetary Fund's engagement on social safety net (SSN) issues is likely to expand as member countries respond to growing challenges in the economic and fiscal landscape. SSNs play a crucial role in protecting households from poverty, promoting inclusive growth, and maintaining social stability. This technical note discusses (1) the different channels through which SSN spending may become macro-critical, (2) how to assess the importance of these channels, and (3) the types of policy responses that are appropriate and the trade-offs involved in choosing among them. To facilitate a more comprehensive assessment of SSN spending, the paper also examines the complementary role of labor market programs (for example, unemployment benefits and active labor market programs). The paper emphasizes the importance of early engagement and coordination with development partners with expertise on social safety nets and with different stakeholders when formulating policy advice.
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Economic assistance, American --- Public opinion --- Public opinion --- History --- History --- Marshall Plan --- Public opinion --- History.
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Foreign workers --- Immigrants --- Pensions --- Public opinion --- Public opinion --- Pensions --- Public opinion --- Government policy --- Public opinion --- European Union countries --- Emigration and immigration --- Government policy --- Public opinion.
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Countries are among the most powerful brands on the global marketplace. Love it or loath it, never has there been a bigger or stronger brand than the United States of America. More than any other country, America has been blessed with a huge range of positive brand attributes.
National characteristics. --- United States --- Foreign public opinion.
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Expenditures, Public --- Government spending policy --- Public welfare --- Taxation --- Public opinion --- Public opinion.
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Urban poor --- Violence --- Crime --- Public opinion --- Attitudes. --- Public opinion. --- Jamaica --- Social conditions. --- Economic conditions.
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Public administration --- Administrative agencies --- Government productivity --- Public opinion --- Government --- Evaluation. --- Management --- Public opinion. --- Evaluation --- Colombia.
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Voice of Business: Hill & Knowlton and Postwar Public Relations
Public opinion --- Public relations firms --- World politics --- History. --- Public opinion. --- Hill and Knowlton, Inc.
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Politicians, government officials, and public relations officers lean heavily on polling when fashioning public policy. Proponents say this is for the best, arguing that surveys bring the views of citizens closer to civic officials. Critics decry polling's promotion of sycophantic politicians who pander to the whims of public sentiment, or, conversely, the use of surveys by special interest groups to thwart the majority will. Similar claims and criticisms were made during the early days of polling. When George Gallup began polling Americans in 1935, he heralded it as a bold step in popular democracy. The views of ordinary citizens could now be heard alongside those of organized interest groups. When brought to Canada in 1941, the Gallup Poll promised similar democratic rejuvenation. In actual practice, traditionally disadvantaged constituencies such as women, the poor, French Canadians, and African Americans were often heavily underrepresented in Gallup surveys. Preoccupied with election forecasting, Gallup pollsters undercounted social groups thought less likely or unable to vote, leading to a considerable gap between the polling results of the sampled polity and the opinions of the general public.Examining the origins and early years of public opinion polling in Canada, Robinson situates polling within the larger context of its forerunners - market research surveys and American opinion polling - and charts its growth until its first uses by political parties.
Public opinion polls --- Marketing research --- History. --- Canada --- Politics and government --- Market research --- Marketing --- Markets --- Opinion polls --- Polls, Public opinion --- Public opinion --- Public opinion research --- Straw votes --- Research --- Research, Industrial --- Social surveys --- Market surveys --- History --- E-books
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