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This handbook presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of unprecedented substantive, theoretical, methodological, and statistical developments and insights, and an in-depth examination of trends and patterns, in adult mortality around the world. With over two dozen chapters and more than fifty authors, this volume draws from top international mortality experts to provide one of the best overviews of life expectancy extant. The handbook documents remarkable gains in life expectancy, which stand out as one of the most important accomplishments of the twentieth century. Individuals in more developed countries can expect to live longer now than ever before, especially the Japanese, who enjoy record-setting life expectancies. The book also explores unfortunate declines in life expectancy in selected countries brought on by such factors as the following: infectious diseases; accidents, suicides, and homicides; and political and economic conflict and turmoil. This book synthesizes the wealth of mortality information available, clearly articulates the central findings to-date, identifies the most appropriate datasets and methods currently available, illuminates the central research questions, and develops an agenda to address these research questions. The authors carefully examine central factors related to mortality, including health behaviors, socioeconomic status, social relations, biomarkers, and genetic factors. The book will prove especially relevant to researchers, students, and policy makers within social and health sciences who want to better understand international trends and patterns in adult mortality.

Mortality -- Forecasting -- Methodology. --- Mortality -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Mortality. --- Mortality --- Vital Statistics --- Age Groups --- Data Collection --- Demography --- Persons --- Population Characteristics --- Epidemiologic Methods --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Information Science --- Named Groups --- Health Care --- Investigative Techniques --- Public Health --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Environment and Public Health --- Adult --- Business & Economics --- Death. --- Death --- Dying --- End of life --- Mortality, Law of --- Philosophy --- Social sciences. --- Sociology. --- Demography. --- Social Sciences. --- Sociology, general. --- Death (Biology) --- Life --- Terminal care --- Terminally ill --- Thanatology --- Historical demography --- Social sciences --- Population --- Vital statistics --- Social theory

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Old-age survival has considerably improved in the second half of the twentieth century. Life expectancy in wealthy countries has increased, on average, from 65 years in 1950 to 76 years in 2005. The rise was more spectacular in some countries: the life expectancy for Japanese women rose from 62 years to 86 years during the same period. Driven by this longevity extension, the population aged 80 and over in those countries has grown fivefold from 8.5 million in 1950 to 44.5 million in 2005. Why has such a substantial extension of human lifespan occurred? How long can we live? In this book, these fundamental questions are explored by experts from such diverse fields as biology, medicine, epidemiology, demography, sociology, and mathematics: they report on recent cutting-edge studies about essential issues of human longevity such as evolution of lifespan of species, genetics of human longevity, reasons for the recent improvement in survival of the elderly, medical and behavioral causes of deaths among very old people, and social factors of long survival in old age.

Demography. --- Aging. --- Geriatrics. --- Social sciences. --- Geriatrics/Gerontology. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Medicine --- Gerontology --- Older people --- Age --- Ageing --- Senescence --- Developmental biology --- Longevity --- Age factors in disease --- Historical demography --- Social sciences --- Population --- Vital statistics --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene --- Physiological effect --- Demography --- Geriatrics --- demografie --- geriatrie --- gerontologie --- Life expectancy. --- Longevity. --- Mortality --- Old age.