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Pauliina Remes and Juha Sihvola In the course of history, philosophers have given an impressive variety of answers to the question, “What is self?” Some of them have even argued that there is no such thing at all. This volume explores the various ways in which selfhood was approached and conceptualised in antiquity. How did the ancients understand what it is that I am, fundamentally, as an acting and affected subject, interpreting the world around me, being distinct from others like and unlike me? The authors hi- light the attempts in ancient philosophical sources to grasp the evasive character of the specifically human presence in the world. They also describe how the ancient philosophers understood human agents as capable of causing changes and being affected in and by the world. Attention will be paid to the various ways in which the ancients conceived of human beings as subjects of reasoning and action, as well as responsible individuals in the moral sphere and in their relations to other people. The themes of persistence, identity, self-examination and self-improvement recur in many of these essays. The articles of the collection combine systematic and historical approaches to ancient sources that range from Socrates to Plotinus and Augustine.

Philosophy, classical. --- Genetic epistemology. --- Philosophy (General). --- Philosophy, medieval. --- Philosophy. --- Classical Philosophy. --- Epistemology. --- History of Philosophy. --- Medieval Philosophy. --- Philosophy of Man. --- Philosophy of Religion. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Medieval philosophy --- Scholasticism --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Philosophy, Ancient. --- Medieval philosophy. --- Religion—Philosophy. --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Ancient philosophy --- Greek philosophy --- Philosophy, Greek --- Philosophy, Roman --- Roman philosophy --- Self (Philosophy) --- History.

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Sex is beyond reason, and yet we constantly reason about it. So, too, did the peoples of ancient Greece and Rome. But until recently there has been little discussion of their views on erotic experience and sexual ethics. The Sleep of Reason brings together an international group of philosophers, philologists, literary critics, and historians to consider two questions normally kept separate: how is erotic experience understood in classical texts of various kinds, and what ethical judgments and philosophical arguments are made about sex? From same-sex desire to conjugal love, and from Plato and Aristotle to the Roman Stoic Musonius Rufus, the contributors demonstrate the complexity and diversity of classical sexuality. They also show that the ethics of eros, in both Greece and Rome, shared a number of commonalities: a focus not only on self-mastery, but also on reciprocity; a concern among men not just for penetration and display of their power, but also for being gentle and kind, and for being loved for themselves; and that women and even younger men felt not only gratitude and acceptance, but also joy and sexual desire. Contributors: * Eva Cantarella * Kenneth Dover * Chris Faraone * Simon Goldhill * Stephen Halliwell * David M. Halperin * J. Samuel Houser * Maarit Kaimio * David Konstan * David Leitao * Martha C. Nussbaum * A. W. Price * Juha Sihvola

Sex customs --- Sexual ethics --- Sex --- Sex ethics --- Sexual behavior, Ethics of --- Ethics --- Customs, Sex --- Human beings --- Sexual behavior --- Sexual practices --- Manners and customs --- Moral conditions --- History --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Greece --- Rome --- Civilization --- erotic, sexual, ethics, ethical, ancient world, greece, rome, civilizations, communities, morals, sex, sexuality, erotica, philosophy, philosopher, philosophical, philologist, literary, critics, critical, critique, historian, history, historical, conjugal, desire, plato, aristotle, roman, stoic, musonius rufus, argument, eros, self mastery, gratitude, relationships, essay collection, anthology, customs, homosexuality, dilemma, culture, cultural.