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Le sucre a ceci de particulier que son usage et sa représentation varièrent beaucoup avec le temps. Remède, épice, puis aliment, le sucre deviendra ce produit de première nécessité que les familles aimeront à entasser en prévision de crises. Mais comme l'a relevé Claude Fischler dans L'Homnivore, « depuis son apparition en Occident, le sucre a été alternativement angélisé ou diabolisé ». Ses détracteurs l'ont accusé de bien des maux, jusqu'au tour nouveau que la « saccharophobie » a pris dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle au nom de la santé. À un moment où, dans les pays riches notamment, la « sagesse des corps » était brouillée par le changement des conditions de vie, des physiologistes, des endocrinologues, des nutritionnistes furent invités par les autorités sanitaires à contrevenir au « libre-arbitre alimentaire » afin de conjurer les maladies de l'alimentation.Ce livre retrace l'histoire du sucre qui fut parfois dramatique, ce qui faisait dire à Voltaire dans Candide : « C'est à ce prix que vous mangez du sucre en Europe ». Mais le sucre a aussi une économie, un business, une géopolitique propre, impliquant de nombreux acteurs privés ou institutionnels, sur lesquels l'auteur jette un éclairage nouveau.Mondialisée de longue date, mais en perpétuel mouvement, l'économie de cette substance, et de ses dérivés, se présente comme un système complexe, caractérisé en ses deux extrémités par des activités de production et des actes de consommation.Ce livre explore le chemin, long et tortueux, qui mène des champs de canne et de betterave à sucre à la table des consommateurs.

Adaptation (Physiology)

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A large number of volumes have been produced summarizing the work on generation and control of rhythmic movements, in particular locomotion. Unfortunately most of them focus on locomotor studies done on animals. This edited volume redresses that imbalance by focusing completely on human locomotor behaviour. The very nature of the problem has both necessitated and attracted researchers from a wide variety of disciplines ranging from psychology, neurophysiology, kinesiology, engineering, medicine to computer science. The different and unique perspectives they bring to this problem provide a comp

Gait in humans. --- Adaptation (Physiology)

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The concept of homeostasis, the maintenance of the internal physiological environment of an organism within tolerable limits, is well established in medicine and physiology. In contrast, allostasis is a relatively new idea of 'viability through change'. With allostatic regulation by cephalic involvement, the body adapts to potentially diverse and dangerous situations through the activation of neural, hormonal, or immunological mechanisms. Allostasis explains how regulatory events maintain organismic viability, or not, in diverse contexts with varying set points of bodily needs and competing motivations. This 2005 book introduces the concept of allostasis and sets it alongside traditional views of homeostasis. It addresses basic regulatory systems and examines the behavior of bodily regulation under duress. The basic concepts of physiological homeostasis are integrated with disorders like depression, stress, anxiety and addiction. It will therefore appeal to graduate students, medical students and researchers working in physiology, epidemiology, endocrinology, neuroendocrinology, neuroscience, and psychology.

Allostasis. --- Homeostasis. --- Adaptation (Physiology) --- Compensation (Physiology) --- Plasticity (Physiology) --- Ecophysiology --- Biological control systems --- Body fluids --- Physiology

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Physiologist Scott Turner argues eloquently that the apparent design we see in the living world only makes sense when we add to Darwin's towering achievement the dimension that much modern molecular biology has left on the gene-splicing floor: the dynamic interaction between living organisms and their environment. Only when we add environmental physiology to natural selection can we begin to understand the beautiful fit between the form life takes and the way life works.

Natural selection. --- Adaptation (Physiology) --- Compensation (Physiology) --- Plasticity (Physiology) --- Ecophysiology --- Darwinism --- Selection, Natural --- Genetics --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological invasions --- Evolution (Biology) --- Heredity

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Suitable for graduates and undergraduates in environmental biology, comparative physiology, and marine biology, this text lays out the principles of mechanistic comparative physiology in an ecological and evolutionary context.

Adaptation (Physiology) --- Physiology, Comparative. --- Molecular evolution. --- Biochemical evolution --- Chemical evolution --- Evolution --- Life --- Molecular biology --- Comparative physiology --- Medicine, Comparative --- Zoology --- Compensation (Physiology) --- Plasticity (Physiology) --- Ecophysiology --- Origin