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Different states of vigilance and various paroxysmal disorders that occur during slow-wave sleep can have the same neural bases. Conventional wisdom holds that sleep is a resting state of the brain, with negligible activity of cortical neurons. Here, the author brings new evidence favoring the idea that during this behavioral state memory traces acquired during waking are consolidated. The author focuses on the coalescence of different sleep rhythms in interacting corticothalamic networks and on three types of paroxysmal disorders, namely spike-wave seizures as in absence epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut seizures, and temporal-lobe epilepsy. Many physiological correlates of waking and sleep states as well as diverse types of epileptic seizures are also discussed. The book has copious illustrations with examples from in vivo, in vitro and 'in computo' studies, the majority coming from the author's own laboratory. Neuronal Substrates of Sleep and Epilepsy is essential reading for neuroscientists and clinical researchers.

Sleep --- Convulsions. --- Neurons. --- Neural circuitry. --- Circuitry, Neural --- Circuits, Neural --- Nerve net --- Nerve network --- Neural circuits --- Neurocircuitry --- Neuronal circuitry --- Electrophysiology --- Nervous system --- Neural networks (Neurobiology) --- Reflexes --- Nerve cells --- Neurocytes --- Cells --- Convulsive disorders --- Convulsive seizures --- Seizures, Convulsive --- Epilepsy --- Spasms --- Physiological aspects. --- Diseases

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Neurocircuitry of Addiction focuses on common neural circuits that underly the effects of addictive substances, providing a more holistic view of how these agents produce their effects. This book is organized by brain circuits and their role in addiction, including ventral tegmental area (VTA) circuits, striatal circuits, prefrontal cortical (PFC) circuits, extended amygdala circuits, neuroendocrine circuits, and circadian circuits. It includes a foreword by renowned experts Dr. George Koob (Director of the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism ) and Dr. Nora Volkow (the Director of the National Institute of Drug Abuse).According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services of America, approximately, 21 million Americans are addicted to at least one substance, and about 20% of Americans who have been diagnosed with depression or anxiety disorder also have substance use disorder.-- People use drugs for many different reasons, including the pursuit of "high," social factors and self-medication of other conditions. Many millions of people are addicted to at least one substance, and the cost of addiction is immense, at both the individual and societal levels. Neurocircuitry of Addiction is the first book of its kind, with a focus on addiction neuroscience from a neural circuit perspective. This book begins with a primer on circuit-based neuroscience that equips the reader with an understanding of the applications described throughout the book. Each subsequent chapter positions a different brain region at the "center" of addiction neurocircuitry and goes on to describe the anatomical connectivity of that brain region, how those circuits are affected by drug exposure, and the role of those circuits in controlling addiction-related behaviors. All chapters of this book are written by content experts for a target audience that has some basic neuroscience background, but no prior in-depth knowledge regarding the neurocircuitry of addiction.

Neural circuitry. --- Circuitry, Neural --- Circuits, Neural --- Nerve net --- Nerve network --- Neural circuits --- Neurocircuitry --- Neuronal circuitry --- Electrophysiology --- Nervous system --- Neural networks (Neurobiology) --- Reflexes --- Substance abuse --- Nerve Net --- Brain --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Physiological aspects. --- drug effects --- physiopathology

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This book offers representative examples from fly and mouse models to illustrate the ongoing success of the synergistic, state-of-the-art strategy, focusing on the ways it enhances our understanding of sensory processing. The authors focus on sensory systems (vision, olfaction), which are particularly powerful models for probing the development, connectivity, and function of neural circuits, to answer this question: How do individual nerve cells functionally cooperate to guide behavioral responses? Two genetically tractable species, mice and flies, together significantly further our understanding of these processes. Current efforts focus on integrating knowledge gained from three interrelated fields of research: (1) understanding how the fates of different cell types are specified during development, (2) revealing the synaptic connections between identified cell types (“connectomics”) using high-resolution three-dimensional circuit anatomy, and (3) causal testing of how iden tified circuit elements contribute to visual perception and behavior.

Medicine. --- Human genetics. --- Neurosciences. --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Human Genetics. --- Cell Biology. --- Neuroanatomy. --- Neural circuitry. --- Circuitry, Neural --- Circuits, Neural --- Nerve net --- Nerve network --- Neural circuits --- Neurocircuitry --- Neuronal circuitry --- Electrophysiology --- Nervous system --- Neural networks (Neurobiology) --- Reflexes --- Nerves --- Anatomy --- Neurobiology --- Cytology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences

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Here, Chris Eliasmith presents a new approach to understanding the neural implementation of cognition in a way that is centrally driven by biological considerations. According to the semantic pointer hypothesis, higher-level cognitive functions in biological systems are made possible by semantic pointers.

Brain. --- Neural circuitry. --- Neural networks (Neurobiology) --- Cognition. --- Psychology --- Biological neural networks --- Nets, Neural (Neurobiology) --- Networks, Neural (Neurobiology) --- Neural nets (Neurobiology) --- Cognitive neuroscience --- Neurobiology --- Neural circuitry --- Circuitry, Neural --- Circuits, Neural --- Nerve net --- Nerve network --- Neural circuits --- Neurocircuitry --- Neuronal circuitry --- Electrophysiology --- Nervous system --- Reflexes --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Central nervous system --- Head

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Brain functions are realized by the activity of neuronal networks composed of a huge number of neurons. The efficiency of information transfer within the networks is changeable. Even the networks themselves can change through experience. Information transfer between neurons is performed at the synapse (the site of the neurons’ contact) by release of neurotransmitters from the pre-synaptic cell and capture of neurotransmitters by the post-synaptic cell. The amount of released neurotransmitter or the efficacy of capture can change. Moreover, synapses are found to be newly formed upon activity or abandoned upon inactivity. These changes are called "synaptic plasticity". This text focuses on one component of synaptic plasticity called transsynaptic signaling, or communication of synapses during their formation.

Neuroplasticity. --- Neural circuitry. --- Circuitry, Neural --- Circuits, Neural --- Nerve net --- Nerve network --- Neural circuits --- Neurocircuitry --- Neuronal circuitry --- Electrophysiology --- Nervous system --- Neural networks (Neurobiology) --- Reflexes --- Nervous system plasticity --- Neural adaptation --- Neural plasticity --- Neuronal adaptation --- Neuronal plasticity --- Plasticity, Nervous system --- Soft-wired nervous system --- Synaptic plasticity --- Adaptation (Physiology) --- Neurophysiology --- Developmental neurobiology --- Neurosciences. --- Cytology. --- Neurobiology. --- Cell Biology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Neurosciences --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Cell biology.