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An in-depth, illustrated look at the campaigns, tactics, and weapons of some of history's fiercest and most legendary warriors. Viking warriors were feared by their contemporaries and their ferocious reputation has survived to the present day. This book covers the military history of the Vikings from their early raiding to the final failure of their expansionist ambitions directed against England. In that period, Viking warbands and increasingly large armies had left their Scandinavian homelands to range across vast regions, including the whole of Northern Europe and beyond, even reaching North America. The British Isles were terrorized for two centuries and at times largely conquered. In Normandy, Russia, and elsewhere they also settled and founded states. As far afield as Constantinople, the Byzantine emperors employed them as their elite Varangian Guard. Tough, skilled and resourceful, with a culture that embraced the pursuit of immortal fame and a heroic death in battle, their renown as warriors was second to none. In this book, Gabriele Esposito outlines the history of their campaigns and battles and examines in detail their strategy, tactics, weapons, armor, and clothing. In addition, dozens of color photographs of replica equipment in use bring this fascinating subject to life.

Military history, Medieval.

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At the end of the Western Middle Ages, the new notions of the legitimacy of royal power and its exercise were made more visible by the presence of royal favourites whose figure should be reconsidered. The present study links the reproach of sexual misconduct as a political argument in medieval discourse to medieval ideas about royalty and government, opening new perspectives of a cultural history of politics in the Later Middle Ages.

Constitutional history, Medieval.

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In this volume, we approach the phenomenon of slavery and other types of strong asymmetrical dependencies from two methodologically and theoretically distinct perspectives: semantics and lexical fields. Detailed analyses of key terms that are associated with the conceptualization of strong asymmetrical dependencies promise to provide new insights into the self-concept and knowledge of pre-modern societies. The majority of these key terms have not been studied from a semantic or terminological perspective so far. Our understanding of lexical fields is based on an onomasiological approach – which linguistic items are used to refer to a concept? Which words are used to express a concept? This means that the concept is a semantic unit which is not directly accessible but may be manifested in different ways on the linguistic level. We are interested in single concepts such as ‘wisdom’ or ‘fear’, but also in more complex semantic units like ‘strong asymmetrical dependencies’. In our volume, we bring together and compare case studies from very different social orders and normative perspectives. Our examples range from Ancient China and Egypt over Greek and Maya societies to Early Modern Russia, the Ottoman Empire and Islamic and Roman law.

HISTORY / Medieval. --- Slavery. --- asymmetry. --- serfdom.

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Die Forschung zur Hagiographie hat bis heute dem Konzept des Martyriums in literarischer Hinsicht nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Neben Verhör und Folter besteht der Vorgang des Martyriums aus einem weiteren Schritt, der den Forschungsgegenstand dieses Buches darstellt: die Gefängnisphase. Diese Arbeit analysiert die Rolle des Gefängnisses im Zusammenspiel von Struktur und Handlung der vormetaphrastischen Märtyrerakten und deren Umarbeitungen durch Symeon Metaphrastes (datiert vom 4. bis zum 10. Jahrhundert). In Anlehnung an das anthropologische Konzept der Liminalität wird dargelegt, dass das Gefängnis ein Schwellenraum ist, in dem die Entwicklung der körperlichen Ausdauer und der spirituellen Reife der Protagonisten stattfindet, was zu ihrer Identität als Märtyrer beiträgt. Untersucht werden diverse Aspekte des Gefängnisses und der betroffenen narrativen Figuren in Hinsicht auf Terminologie, Erzählstruktur, Gender und Empfindungen. Neben einer kritischen Lektüre der Quellen bietet diese Arbeit deutsche Übersetzungen der behandelten griechischen Passagen und liefert neue Einsichten in byzantinische hagiographische Studien. This volume investigates the literary depiction of prison as a liminal space in early and middle Byzantine martyrs' Passions. Prison proves to be a transitional space where both the formation of corporeal endurance and the spiritual maturation of the protagonists take place, contributing to their identity as martyrs. The aspects examined here include terminology, narrative structure, gender, emotions and the senses.

HISTORY / Medieval. --- Holiness. --- liminality. --- martyrdom. --- prison.

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Contemporary arts, both practice and methods, offer medieval scholars innovative ways to examine, explore, and reframe the past. Medievalists offer contemporary studies insights into cultural works of the past that have been made or reworked in the present. Creative-critical writing invites the adaptation of scholarly style using forms such as the dialogue, short essay, and the poem; these are, the authors argue, appropriate ways to explore innovative pathways from the contemporary to the medieval, and vice versa. Speculative and non-traditional, The Contemporary Medieval in Practice adapts the conventional scholarly essay to reflect its cross-disciplinary, creative subject.

European history: medieval period, middle ages