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Lamarck --- Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de --- 1744-1829

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Contrairement à une idée largement répandue, Lamarck ne fut ni un prophète isolé, ni un précurseur de Darwin auquel on aurait omis de rendre justice. Pas davantage un homme dépassé par son époque que les travaux novateurs des Lavoisier, Cuvier, Haüy puis Darwin auraient relégué au second plan. Telle est la thèse soutenue par Pietro Corsi qui montre que le célèbre naturaliste participa pleinement aux grands débats de son temps sur l’extinction des espèces, sur la réforme de l’histoire naturelle, les limites épistémologiques des théories de la Terre ou la méthode naturelle en taxinomie... Un point de vue qui révèle par ailleurs la place des travaux de Lamarck en physique, en chimie, en météorologie et même en «hydrogéologie» dans la construction de l’ambitieux édifice théorique du transformisme. C’est en effet une tout autre personnalité que nous fait découvrir Pietro Corsi : un Lamarck en butte aux attaques de ses illustres adversaires tels Laplace et Cuvier, mais sachant aussi se montrer un protagoniste original, entouré de fervents alliés, d’admirateurs et de disciples... Nombreux sont en effet les auditeurs ayant suivi fidèlement ses cours au Muséum, qu’ils soient étudiants en médecine, visiteurs étrangers, militaires, hommes politiques, littérateurs... dont la liste est reproduite et exploitée pour la première fois dans ce volume. Au-delà de la passionnante restitution des grands débats de l’époque, l’ouvrage permet de suivre le rayonnement de la pensée transformiste dans l’Europe du XIXe siècle et de comprendre la permanence des thèmes lamarckiens dans la culture scientifique européenne.

Evolution (Biology) --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Sciences --- Evolutionnisme --- Lamarckisme --- Philosophy --- History --- Philosophie --- Histoire --- Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de, --- Evolution --- History of science --- XVIIIth-XIXth centuries --- History & Philosophy Of Science --- Terre --- histoire naturelle --- taxinomie --- extinction des espèces

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Historians of science have long noted the influence of the nineteenth-century political economist Thomas Robert Malthus on Charles Darwin. In a bold move, Piers J. Hale contends that this focus on Malthus and his effect on Darwin's evolutionary thought neglects a strong anti-Malthusian tradition in English intellectual life, one that not only predated the 1859 publication of the Origin of Species but also persisted throughout the Victorian period until World War I. Political Descent reveals that two evolutionary and political traditions developed in England in the wake of the 1832 Reform Act: one Malthusian, the other decidedly anti-Malthusian and owing much to the ideas of the French naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck. These two traditions, Hale shows, developed in a context of mutual hostility, debate, and refutation. Participants disagreed not only about evolutionary processes but also on broader questions regarding the kind of creature our evolution had made us and in what kind of society we ought therefore to live. Significantly, and in spite of Darwin's acknowledgement that natural selection was "the doctrine of Malthus, applied to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms," both sides of the debate claimed to be the more correctly "Darwinian." By exploring the full spectrum of scientific and political issues at stake, Political Descent offers a novel approach to the relationship between evolution and political thought in the Victorian and Edwardian eras.

Social evolution --- Evolution (Biology) and the social sciences --- Political science --- Social Darwinism --- Evolution (Biology) --- Malthusianism --- Mutualism --- Political aspects. --- History --- History --- Political aspects. --- Political aspects. --- Political aspects. --- History --- Malthus, T. R. --- Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de, --- Influence. --- Influence. --- politics, political, mutualism, evolution, victorian england, victorianism, history, science, historical, 19th century, europe, english, british, economics, economist, charles darwin, thomas robert malthus, demography, population growth, intellectualism, origin of species, 1832 reform act, jean baptiste lamarck, naturalism, refutation, debate, hostility, society, cultural studies, biology, darwinian, darwinism, morality, ethics, meaning, culture.

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Reading the Shape of Nature vividly recounts the turbulent early history of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard and the contrasting careers of its founder Louis Agassiz and his son Alexander. Through the story of this institution and the individuals who formed it, Mary P. Winsor explores the conflicting forces that shaped systematics in the second half of the nineteenth century. Debates over the philosophical foundations of classification, details of taxonomic research, the young institution's financial struggles, and the personalities of the men most deeply involved are all brought to life. In 1859, Louis Agassiz established the Museum of Comparative Zoology to house research on the ideal types that he believed were embodied in all living forms. Agassiz's vision arose from his insistence that the order inherent in the diversity of life reflected divine creation, not organic evolution. But the mortar of the new museum had scarcely dried when Darwin's Origin was published. By Louis Agassiz's death in 1873, even his former students, including his son Alexander, had defected to the evolutionist camp. Alexander, a self-made millionaire, succeeded his father as director and introduced a significantly different agenda for the museum. To trace Louis and Alexander's arguments and the style of science they established at the museum, Winsor uses many fascinating examples that even zoologists may find unfamiliar. The locus of all this activity, the museum building itself, tells its own story through a wonderful series of archival photographs.

Animals --- Natural history --- Naturalists --- History. --- Classification --- Agassiz, Louis, --- Agassiz, Alexander, --- Barbour, Thomas, --- Harvard University. --- zoology, harvard, museum, louis agassiz, science, academia, classification, taxonomy, biodiversity, creation, evolution, natural history, animals, biology, thomas barbour, echinoderms, crayfish, walter faxon, nonfiction, founding, funding, agenda, biography, father and son, scientific debate, research, scholars, insects, lamarck, specimens, display, exhibition.

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Broers en zussen --- Jeugdpoëzie --- Biologie --- Erfelijkheid --- Natuurwetenschappen --- 3e graad secundair onderwijs --- 5e leerjaar secundair onderwijs --- 6e leerjaar secundair onderwijs --- Voortplanting --- Chemie --- Kunststoffen --- Technisch secundair onderwijs --- Water --- Fysica --- Waterverontreiniging --- Waterzuivering --- Geluidsleer --- Elektromagnetische golven --- Radiogolven --- Licht --- Zonnestraling --- Lasers --- Microgolven --- Röntgenstraling --- Golven (natuurkunde) --- 54(035) --- 541.2 --- 575.1 --- chemie (scheikunde) --- dopplereffect --- elastomeren --- elektromagnetisme --- geluid --- golven --- kunststoffen --- laserstralen --- microgolven --- radiogolven --- röntgenstralen --- thermoplasten --- voortplanting --- zonnestralen --- 3e graad t.s.o --- 485.4 --- 485.42 --- 485.43 --- DNA --- Darwin, Charles --- Dopplereffect --- Handboek/cursus --- Lamarck --- biologie --- biotechnologie --- cel --- chemie --- chromosomen --- detergenten --- eiwitten --- elektrolyse --- elektromagnetische golven --- erfelijkheid --- evolutietheorie --- fysica --- genen --- genetica --- genmutaties --- handboek --- klonen --- licht --- mensapen --- mitose --- natuurwetenschappen --- recyclage --- resonantie --- scheikunde --- seksualiteit --- trillingen --- tweelingen --- water --- waterkringloop --- waterverontreiniging --- zandslinger --- zeep --- zonnestraling --- Natuurwetenschappen ; secundair onderwijs --- #BSCH: vak: chemie --- #BSCH: vak: biologie --- #BSCH: vak: fysica --- #BSCH: vak: wetenschappen --- handboeken chemie --- Erfelijkheid. Overerving --- Natuurkunde - Scheikunde - Biologie --- Scheikunde --- Onderzoek --- Ontwikkeling --- Leerlijn --- Voortplanting (biologie) --- Kunststof --- Industrie --- Grafische sector --- Watervervuiling --- Flora en fauna --- Fauna --- Flora --- Akoestiek --- Elektromagnetisme --- Radiogolf --- Laser --- Microgolf --- Golf (natuurkunde) --- Donker --- Gezondheid --- Onderzoek (wetenschap)