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Excerpt from Military Schools and Courses of Instruction in the Science and Art of War, in France, Prussia, Austria, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Sardinia, England, and the United States, Vol. 1: Drawn From Recent Official Reports and Documents; France and Prussia The new programme for arithmetic commences with the words Deci mal numeration. This is to indicate that the Duodecimal numeration will not be required.

Military education.

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Este livro propõe um conjunto de estudos sobre a educação militar na América do Sul, exceto a Guiana Francesa, departamento francês em ultramar. Na América Latina, não há uma entidade que padronize a estrutura política e o modelo de educação militar, como ocorre na União Europeia. Cada país adota formas e normas que acredita serem as mais adequadas para educar seus militares. Nesse contexto latino-americano, dada a constante participação dos militares na política, com a manutenção menor ou maior da autonomia político-institucional das Forças Armadas, nem sempre há conexão entre os sistemas civil e militar de ensino.Todavia, conforme os textos reunidos neste livro exemplificam, a região conheceu, no interior dos processos de transição dos regimes burocrático-autoritários para governos democráticos que marcaram os últimos trinta anos, tentativas, mais ou menos profundas, de maior controle civil sobre a educação militar.

Basic training (Military education)

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"In recent decades, African states have developed an impressive infrastructure for training their peacekeepers. In addition, peacekeeping, peacebuilding and associated areas of conflict resolution have become significant areas of employment. Marco Jowell has spent a decade working in peacekeeping training in East Africa - initially as one of the foreign 'Technical Advisers' at the Peace Support Operations (PSO) training centre in Kenya, the International Peace Support Training Centre (IPSTC) and subsequently as a strategic adviser to the Rwanda Peace Academy. Using first-hand experience, he considers how military forces from a variety of African states - with great differences in history, language and political systems and with militaries with different cultures and capabilities - can conduct complicated multinational peacekeeping operations. He shows how regional peacekeeping training centres provide an environment for African elites, predominately military, to interact with each other through shared training and experiences. This process of interaction, or socialisation, improves skills but also encourages cohesion so that future African-led missions will be managed by well-trained officers who are comfortable and willing to work within a regional or Pan-African framework. Jowell shows that part of the aim of peacekeeping training centres is to foster a Pan-African 'outward' looking ideology or disposition as well as improving technical ability. This book will be essential reading for all involved with African military and security studies and analysts of peacekeeping training and operations"--Bloomsbury Publishing.

Military education --- Peacekeeping forces

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"Military leaders are faced with high expectations when it comes to handling unforeseen situations in joint military operations. This chapter aims to present a nuanced professional and pedagogical discussion of how an increased awareness of the concept of samhandling in the use of military doctrines may contribute to the professionalization of military higher education. Different doctrines reflect different theoretical decisions. They are given relevance in education as a way to illustrate formal examples of what is preferred and what is rejected. As doctrines are built on experiences from real-life scenarios, as well as on predictions and strategies for possible change, they may serve as a way of balancing the branch-specific "hidden curriculum", i.e. an established culture with a set of current values, behavior and thinking that have been developed over time in the organization. The findings in the current case study indicate that military doctrines are regarded as important in leadership training at the Norwegian Military Academy, especially when it comes to understanding and guiding samhandling in unforeseen and risk-oriented situations. However, at the same time, the terms used to describe samhandling in military doctrines found relevant in education at the Norwegian Military Academy are numerous, vague and somewhat overlapping. It seems crucial to raise awareness of the underlying processes and the relational ambition level that forms the basis of the chosen term. It is advantageous to reach a collective understanding of the kind of skills that need to be developed and trained. Another benefit of such analysis is to provide a basis for clarified learning goals and practical scenario development through exercises and other teaching plans in leadership education, as well as the evaluation of this, both in terms of learning outcomes and education as a whole.".

Curriculum. --- Military education.

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"Brent L. Sterling examines how well or poorly the US military has learned lessons and applied findings from analyzing foreign wars through observer missions and post-conflict military-to-military liaisons. Preparing for the next war at an unknown date in the future against an undetermined opponent is an inherently difficult undertaking with extremely high stakes. Even the most detailed exercises and wargames do not truly simulate combat and the fog of war. Thus, militaries the world over have studied foreign wars to see what lessons can be gleaned, but the effectiveness of this learning process has rarely been evaluated. Sterling's goals are to better understand learning dynamics in the military, to better determine what types of knowledge can be gained from foreign wars, to identify common pitfalls, and to propose ways to maximize the benefits for doctrine, organization, and training. This book explores four major cases of US observation missions at key junctures in history: the Crimean War (1853-56), the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05), the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), and the Yom Kippur War (1973). These conflicts preceded the US Civil War, First World War, Second World War, and the Revolution in Military Affairs of the Gulf War. The case studies show that the observer missions can yield significant benefits if the right conditions are met"--

Military education --- Military observers --- History --- Spain