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This handbook has been prepared to support fieldworkers and farmers in developing vegetative systems of soil and mositure conservation that will meet the requirements of small farmers in developing countries, most of whom reside in the tropics and semitropics. Experience has shown that conventional systems of earth bunds or terraces on small farms are expensive and in many cases, especially in modern times, ineffective. When applied correctly, vegetative systems of soil and mositure conservation - particulary the system of hedges of vetiver grass described in this handbook - have proved cheaper and more effective.

582.542.1 --- 582.542.1 Gramineae. Grasses. Bamboos. Reeds. Phragmites --- Gramineae. Grasses. Bamboos. Reeds. Phragmites --- Drylands and Desertification --- Environment --- Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction Reduction --- Sustainable Land Management

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Hong Kong has remained a wealthy financial hub but its income inequality is greater than that in any developed economy. The growing unequal income distribution and poverty in Hong Kong have aroused public concern. This book brings together some of Hong Kong's and the U.K.'s leading experts to examine poverty in Hong Kong from three perspectives: (1) public understanding of poverty, and the extent of poverty and social exclusion in Hong Kong society, (2) poverty and health as well as child poverty and educational opportunities in Hong Kong, and (3) effectiveness of poverty alleviation measures in Hong Kong. On this basis, this book advances the theory and practice of poverty and social exclusion measurement, and will inspire comparative research and policy analyses for better policy initiatives.

Poverty --- Poor --- Hong Kong (China) --- Economic conditions. --- E-books --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Subsistence economy --- Economic conditions --- S11/0550 --- S27/0800 --- China: Social sciences--Social welfare system, poverty and poverty reduction, social security --- Hong Kong--Society in general

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This open access book explores new research directions in social inequality and urban segregation. With the goal of fostering an ongoing dialogue between scholars in Europe and China, it brings together an impressive team of international researchers to shed light on the entwined processes of inequality and segregation, and the implications for urban development. Through a rich collection of empirical studies at the city, regional and national levels, the book explores the impact of migration on cities, the related problems of social and spatial segregation, and the ramifications for policy reform. While the literature on both segregation and inequality has traditionally been dominated by European and North American studies, there is growing interest in these issues in the Chinese context. Economic liberalization, rapid industrial restructuring, the enormous growth of cities, and internal migration, have all reshaped the country profoundly. What have we learned from the European and North American experience of segregation and inequality, and what insights can be gleaned to inform the bourgeoning interest in these issues in the Chinese context? How is China different, both in terms of the nature and the consequences of segregation inequality, and what are the implications for future research and policy? Given the continued rise of China’s significance in the world, and its recent declaration of war on poverty, this book offers a timely contribution to scholarship, identifying the core insights to be learned from existing research, and providing important guidance on future directions for policy makers and researchers.

Urban & municipal planning --- Social issues & processes --- Sociology --- Urban economics --- Regional geography --- Human geography --- Segregation in China --- Inequality in Europe --- Urban Migration --- Poverty Reduction in China --- Comparing Segregation --- Urban Development --- Housing Inequality --- Segregated Neighborhoods --- Integration in Chinese Cities --- Integration in European Cities --- Open Access

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This paper examines the Islamic Republic of Mauritania’s adoption of its third Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) action plan, covering the medium term (2011–2015). Poverty reduction as the ultimate objective of all of the country’s economic social and institutional development policies has informed the context in which the third action plan is being implemented. The safe drinking water supply rate reached 52 percent nationally. In urban areas, the rate of access to private water main connections was 35 percent although it varied significantly from town to town. During the first year of implementation of the PRSP III, significant progress was made with actions targeting good governance and capacity-building in all areas of governance.

Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Poverty --- Mauritania --- Economic conditions. --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Social Services and Welfare --- Agriculture & Food Policy --- Demography --- Education: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- Health: General --- Agricultural Policy --- Food Policy --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Education --- Population & demography --- Health economics --- Poverty & precarity --- Social welfare & social services --- Population and demographics --- Health --- Food security --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Population --- Mauritania, Islamic Republic of

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Knowledge, democracy and action: Community-university research partnerships in global perspectives is based on a three-year international comparative study undertaken by the Global Alliance on Community Based Research and supported by the UNESCO Chair in Community Based Research and Social Responsibility in Higher Education. It provides evidence from twenty case studies around the world on the power and potential of community and higher education based scholars and activists working together in the co-creation of transformative knowledge. The book draws on the experience and insights of thirty-seven scholars and practitioners from the Global South and North. Opening with a theoretical overview of knowledge, democracy and action, the book is followed by analytical chapters providing lessons learned and capacity building in the north and the south, on the theory and practice of community university research partnerships, models of evaluation, approaches to measuring the impact and an agenda for future research and policy recommendations.

Community and college. --- Research --- Community development. --- Education, Higher --- Community and college --- Community development --- College students --- Higher education --- Postsecondary education --- Universities and colleges --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- College and community --- Town and gown --- University and community --- University towns --- Regional development --- Economic assistance, Domestic --- Social planning --- Citizen participation. --- Social aspects. --- Citizen participation --- Social aspects --- Education --- Government policy --- Millennium Development Goals. --- action. --- capacity building. --- civil society research organizations. --- cognitive justice. --- community power. --- community-university research partnerships. --- engaged scholarship. --- knowledge democracy framework. --- open access movement. --- poverty reduction. --- sustainability strategies. --- transformative knowledge.