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Syria has long been one of the most trouble-prone and politically volatile regions of the Near and Middle Eastern world. This book looks back beyond the troubles of the present to tell the 3000-year story of what came before: the peoples, cities, and kingdoms that arose, flourished, declined, and disappeared in the lands that now constitute Syria, from the time of the region's earliest written records in the third millennium BC, right through the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian in the early 4th century AD.

Syria --- Syrie --- History --- Antiquities. --- Histoire --- Antiquités --- Antiquités

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À la fin de la période fatimide (969-1076), la Syrie perdit pour neuf siècles ses princes arabes. Des étrangers, souvent des Turcs, détinrent l’autorité militaire et contrôlèrent l’activité de ceux qui exerçaient un pouvoir civil ou judiciaire. D’un passé arabe qui avait été souvent glorieux, seuls demeuraient des souvenirs. Dès le VIe/XIIe siècle, des membres de l’élite urbaine consignèrent les récits de ceux qui avaient vécu ces temps révolus et recherchèrent les journaux qu’avaient tenus certains particuliers. En Égypte, grâce à des archives d’État, des historiens s’efforcèrent de retracer l’action des grandes dynasties. Si les sources primaires, archives et journaux de particuliers ont aujourd’hui disparu, des œuvres de compilation sont néanmoins parvenues jusqu’à nous. C’est à partir de ces discours, constitués principalement à l’époque ayyoubide et à l’époque mamelouke, que Thierry Bianquis, l’auteur du présent ouvrage, a pu reconstituer l’histoire de la domination fatimide sur Damas et la Syrie. Après une période d’occupation limitée, celle-ci atteint son apogée sous le règne d’un calife et imâm à la politique volontariste, al-ʿAzīz (975 à 996), également connu comme fondateur au Caire d’une des premières universités du monde, al-Azhar. Sous le commandement d’al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allah, les Fatimides doivent ensuite faire face aux anticalifats bédouins et aux ambitions tribales mais réussissent néanmoins à conquérir Alep. À sa mort mystérieuse en 1021, al-Ḥākim se voit proclamé imâm occulté et dernière principale incarnation du prophète par certains de ses congénères chiites ismaéliens : c’est la naissance de la secte druze en Syrie.

Syria --- Islamic Empire --- History --- Historiography. --- chroniques --- Syrie --- Damas --- Fatimides

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Nūr ad-Dīn played a central role in the history of the medieval Muslim East and even in world history. This prince, of whom his contemporary William of Tire said he was "vir providus et discretus, dux timens Deum," - a shrewd and remarkable man, a leader fearing God, - and whom Michelet considered in his History of the Crusades as "one of the saints. of Islamism ”, Ernst Herzfeld defined it thus:“ Nūr ad-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Zengī b. Aq Sunqur, of Turkish origin, predecessor of Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf b. Ayyūb, the Ayyubid of Kurdish origin, is a less spectacular figure and also less known in the West, but he is a more remarkable personality and of greater historical importance even than Saladin ”. In order to best retrace the features of this illustrious man and the contours of the historical period during which he distinguished himself, Nikita Elisséeff chose to begin this monograph with a census and a classification of the sources that she used. . She then draws the historical topography of the Zenguid empire, that is to say of Djézire and the whole of Syria, after which she details the internal organization of the kingdom of Nūr ad-Dīn, and in particular its social and economic life. The administrative and fiscal system and the urban / rural life diptych are discussed in the last chapters of this book. She then draws the historical topography of the Zenguid empire, that is to say of Djézire and the whole of Syria, after which she details the internal organization of the kingdom of Nūr ad-Dīn, and in particular its social and economic life. The administrative and fiscal system and the urban / rural life diptych are discussed in the last chapters of this book. She then draws the historical topography of the Zenguid empire, that is to say of Djézire and the whole of Syria, after which she details the internal organization of the kingdom of Nūr ad-Dīn, and in particular its social and economic life. The administrative and fiscal system and the urban / rural life diptych are discussed in the last chapters of this book.

Nūr al-Dīn, --- Syrie --- Nûr ad-Dîn --- Croisades

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Published on the occasion of the Colonial Exhibition of 1931, Ancient and Medieval Syria Illustrated was commissioned by the High Commissioner of France to the Levant Henri Ponsot with the aim of promoting the archaeological riches of the region, then under French mandate. The work, produced jointly by Paul Deschamps, director of the Museum of Comparative Sculpture at the Trocadero, Henri Seyrig, Director of the Antiquities Service in Syria and Lebanon and René Dussaud, contains an album of 160 plates, each provided with a notice. Introduced by a succinct but valuable summary of the history of Syria from the earliest times to the end of Mamluk rule, it reviews an impressive number of localities and civilizations. From the Phoenician temples of Byblos to the palace of Beit ed-din via the sanctuary of Bel in Palmyra, the great mosque of Aleppo or the Crac des Chevaliers, this book is a complete panorama of the Syrian and Lebanese heritage that this book, thanks to to magnificent period photographs, offers its reader.

Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- Middle East --- Syria --- Antiquities. --- Description and travel. --- Description and travel --- Syrie antique --- Syrie médiévale --- Baalbeck --- Palmyre --- Alep --- Damas --- Neirab --- Sidon

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René Dussaud's Historical Topography of Ancient and Medieval Syria, published in 1927 and long out of print, is still considered a reference work, and as René Dussaud's best contribution to archaeological and historical studies on Syria. All researchers who have studied the ancient history of Syria have necessarily resorted to this classic, still serving as a reference to identify the toponyms of Syria and Lebanon. The study is based on the use of more than 300 sources, relying in particular on the reference works in geography available at the time of the writing of the book. For each region, from Phenicia to Palmyrene, the author gives an extremely erudite description by identifying each toponym found in ancient and medieval sources and placed in a historical context: it is therefore indeed a true historical topography.

Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- Middle East --- Syria --- Description and travel. --- Description and travel --- Syrie antique --- Syrie médiévale --- topographie historique --- Antiquité orientale