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141.152 --- 929 HOBBES, THOMAS --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Hobbes, Thomas --- 141.7 --- Hobbes, Thomas, --- Thomas Hobbes --- philosophie --- Aristote --- Euclide --- le projet encyclopédique --- science --- exil --- réflexion politique --- biographie

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"Investigates the psychological foundations of human sociability as they are treated in the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Argues that Rousseau provides a pessimistic, or tragic, teaching concerning the nature and scope of human connectedness"--Provided by publisher.

Interpersonal relations. --- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, --- Political and social views. --- Political Science --- philosophy --- politics --- politics and social views --- interpersonal relations --- Amour-propre --- Emile --- or On Education --- Jean-Jacques Rousseau --- Thomas Hobbes

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Leo Strauss articulates the conflict between reason and revelation as he explores Spinoza's scientific, comparative, and textual treatment of the Bible. Strauss compares Spinoza's Theologico-political Treatise and the Epistles, showing their relation to critical controversy on religion from Epicurus and Lucretius through Uriel da Costa and Isaac Peyrere to Thomas Hobbes. Strauss's autobiographical Preface, traces his dilemmas as a young liberal intellectual in Germany during the Weimar Republic, as a scholar in exile, and as a leader of American philosophical thought. "[For] those interested in Strauss the political philosopher, and also those who doubt whether we have achieved the 'final solution' in respect to either the character of political science or the problem of the relation of religion to the state." -Journal of Politics "A substantial contribution to the thinking of all those interested in the ageless problems of faith, revelation, and reason." -Kirkus Reviews Leo Strauss (1899-1973) was the Robert Maynard Hutchins Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of political science at the University of Chicago. His contributions to political science include The Political Philosophy of Hobbes, The City and the Man, What is Political Philosophy?, and Liberalism Ancient and Modern.

Religion --- Spinoza, Benedictus de, --- RELIGION --- Religion. --- Philosophy. --- Tractatus theologico-politicus (Spinoza, Benedictus de). --- Godsdienstfilosofie. --- Filosofia moderna --- Spinoza, Benedictus de. --- critical, critique, theory, theoretical, analysis, analytical, religion, religious studies, faith, belief, hily, reason, revelation, philosophy, philosopher, philosophical, controversial, controversy, epicurus, lucretius, uriel da costa, isaac peyrere, thomas hobbes, intellectual, autobiographical, biographical, politics, political.

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Witchcraft and magic are topics of enduring interest for many reasons. The main one lies in their extraordinary interdisciplinarity: anthropologists, folklorists, historians, and more have contributed to build a body of work of extreme variety and consistence. Of course, this also means that the subjects themselves are not easy to assess. In a very general way, we can define witchcraft as a supernatural means to cause harm, death, or misfortune, while magic also belongs to the field of supernatural, or at least esoteric knowledge, but can be used to less dangerous effects (e.g., divination and astrology). In Western civilization, however, the witch hunt has set a very peculiar perspective in which diabolical witchcraft, the invention of the Sabbat, the persecution of many thousands of (mostly) female and (sometimes) male presumed witches gave way to a phenomenon that is fundamentally different from traditional witchcraft. This Special Issue of Religions dedicated to Witchcraft, Demonology, and Magic features nine articles that deal with four different regions of Europe (England, Germany, Hungary, and Italy) between Late Medieval and Modern times in different contexts and social milieus. Far from pretending to offer a complete picture, they focus on some topics that are central to the research in those fields and fit well in the current “cumulative concept of Western witchcraft” that rules out all mono-causality theories, investigating a plurality of causes.

magic --- n/a --- divination --- religious history --- Thomas Hobbes --- Bavaria --- classical culture --- folklore --- Catholic reform --- dissolution of the monasteries --- animals --- Franciscan and Dominican friars --- Early Modern History --- friars --- demonic possession --- Trier --- Adriaan Koerbagh --- gynecology --- biblical exegesis --- Franconia --- monasticism --- witch-hunting in Hungary --- exorcism --- Italy --- convent cases --- Germany --- monks --- popular belief --- ritual magic --- Inquisition --- devil --- media --- counter-reformation --- inquisition --- Holy Office --- English reformation --- witch trials --- spells --- France --- witchcraft --- popular/vernacular magic in Hungary --- witchcraft and sorcery in Hungary --- Witchcraft --- familiars --- counter-reformation Italy --- treasure hunting --- heresy --- medicine --- priests --- love magic --- Spain --- Protestant demonology --- sorcery --- superstition --- witch-hunting in Debrecen/Bihar county --- Calvinist demonology in Hungary --- Jesuits --- censorship --- witch-hunts --- demonology

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Examining the social and political upheavals that characterized the collapse of public judgment in early modern Europe, Liberating Judgment offers a unique account of the achievement of liberal democracy and self-government. The book argues that the work of John Locke instills a civic judgment that avoids the excesses of corrosive skepticism and dogmatic fanaticism, which lead to either political acquiescence or irresolvable conflict. Locke changes the way political power is assessed by replacing deteriorating vocabularies of legitimacy with a new language of justification informed by a conception of probability. For Locke, the coherence and viability of liberal self-government rests not on unassailable principles or institutions, but on the capacity of citizens to embrace probable judgment. The book explores the breakdown of the medieval understanding of knowledge and opinion, and considers how Montaigne's skepticism and Descartes' rationalism--interconnected responses to the crisis--involved a pragmatic submission to absolute rule. Locke endorses this response early on, but moves away from it when he encounters a notion of reasonableness based on probable judgment. In his mature writings, Locke instructs his readers to govern their faculties and intellectual yearnings in accordance with this new standard as well as a vocabulary of justification that might cultivate a self-government of free and equal individuals. The success of Locke's arguments depends upon citizens' willingness to take up the labor of judgment in situations where absolute certainty cannot be achieved.

Judgment (Logic) --- Political science --- Impersonal judgment --- Logic --- Reasoning --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Philosophy --- History --- Locke, John, --- Locke, John --- Counter-Reformation. --- England. --- Filmerian certainty. --- First Treatise. --- God. --- Great Recoinage. --- John Locke. --- Michel Montaigne. --- Parliament. --- Pierre Charron. --- Reformation. --- Ren Descartes. --- Robert Boyle. --- Robert Filmer. --- Scripture. --- Second Treatise. --- Thomas Hobbes. --- Treasury. --- William of Ockham. --- absolutism. --- abstract speculation. --- apodictic science. --- authority. --- certainty. --- civic education. --- civic judgment. --- contemporary liberal theory. --- demonstration. --- disagreement. --- divine certainty. --- epistemology. --- freedom. --- human faculties. --- intrinsick value. --- judgment. --- justification. --- liberal democracy. --- liberty. --- monetary standard. --- natural signs. --- new probability. --- opinio. --- philosophical investigations. --- political order. --- political power. --- political vocabulary. --- polity. --- practical rationality. --- probability. --- probable judgment. --- probable judgments. --- public judgment. --- public justification. --- reasonableness. --- scientia. --- self-expression. --- self-governance. --- self-government. --- self-transcendence. --- state of nature. --- theory of government. --- wise men. --- Philanthropus, --- Lokk, Dzhon, --- Lūk, Jūn, --- Lo-kʻo, --- Locke, Giovanni, --- Lock, --- Lock, John, --- Rokku, Jon, --- לוק, י׳ון,