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"The wagon trail between Salt Lake City and Los Angeles is one of the most important and least-known elements of nineteenth-century Western migration. Known as the Southern Route, it included the western half of the Old Spanish Trail and was favored because it could be used for travel and freighting year-round. It was, however, arguably the most difficult route that pioneers traveled with any consistency in the entire history of the country. Following not rivers but leading from one - sometimes dubious - desert watering place to the next and offering few havens for the sick, weary, or unfortunate." "Historian Edward Leo Lyman has provided the first history of the complete Southern Route, and of the people who developed and used it. Based on extensive research in primary sources - including many early travelers accounts - and on Lyman's own investigation of the route and its branches, the book discusses the exploration and development of the Old Spanish Trail. Its horse thieves and traders, including Jedediah Smith and Kit Carson, along with government explorer John C. Fremont. Developing the old pack mule trail as a wagon road between Salt Lake City and Los Angeles, miners heading for the California gold fields first used the route extensively. Mormon missionaries and the colonisers of San Bernardino and other communities also traveled that way, as did a wide array of mail carriers, soldiers, and world travelers. Later, a steady stream of Anglo-American emigrants seeking new homes or fortunes in California shared the road with a surprising number of freight-wagon operators. The trail passed through the territories of numerous Native American peoples, and contacts with them - both friendly and hostile - played a significant role in the experiences of travelers and in the fates of Native American cultures in this region. Lyman's discussions of Mormon-Indian relations and of the infamous Mountain Meadows Massacre offer fresh and important analyses of these vital aspects of the westward movement."--Jacket.

Mormon pioneers --- Pioneers --- Wagon trains --- Frontier and pioneer life --- Trails --- Overland journeys to the Pacific. --- First settlers --- Settlers, First --- Persons --- Caravans of covered wagons --- Caravans of wagons --- Covered wagon caravans --- Emigrant trains --- Trains, Wagon --- Wagon caravans --- Transportation --- Backcountry routes --- Backcountry tracks --- Bridle paths --- Bush tracks --- Bush walks --- Foot paths --- Foot trails --- Footpaths --- General purpose trails --- Hiking routes --- Hiking trails --- Horse trails --- Multi-use trails --- Multiple-use trails --- Paths (Trails) --- Recreation trails --- Recreational trails --- Routes, Backcountry --- Routes, Hiking --- Tracks (Trails) --- Tramping tracks --- Walking tracks --- Walks (Trails) --- Walkways (Trails) --- Hiking --- Mountaineering --- Roads --- Walking --- Transcontinental journeys (United States) --- Travels --- Voyages and travels --- History --- West (U.S.) --- History, Local. --- Description and travel. --- Description and travel --- Latter Day Saint pioneers

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This work presents a study of the history and identity of the Moroccan Bayruk family. The first part of the book gives an outline of the main referents in both the Bayruk vision of ‘self’, and academic discourses on Maghribian history: the dynasty, caravan and ‘tribe’. It identifies discrepancies in scholarly presentations of the Bayruk and traces them back to two overlapping issues of translation and conception. For the remainder of the book a variety of sources are used to highlight the role of textuality in the creation of the Bayruk image in academic discourse. As a result this book demonstrates how the Bayruk family can be used as a case-study to revise the existing interpretations of Maghribian history and modes of identification.

Group identity --- Caravans --- Slave trade --- Travel --- Vehicles --- Collective identity --- Community identity --- Cultural identity --- Social identity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Collective memory --- History. --- Bayruk family. --- Morocco --- Empire chérifien --- Kingdom of Morocco --- Kingdom of Morrocco --- Maghrib --- Mamlaka al-Maghrebia --- Mamlakah al-Maghribīyah --- Maroc --- Marocko --- Marokko --- Maroko --- Marrakesh (Kingdom) --- Marrocos --- Marruecos --- Marruecos Francés --- Morokko --- Morokko Ōkoku --- Morrocco --- Royaume du Maroc --- Марокко --- モロッコ --- モロッコ王国 --- Morocco (Spanish zone) --- Civilization. --- Ethnic relations. --- Commerce --- History --- HIstory