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The use of the energy and its resources have changed dramatically in last few decades. The increasing use of technology and electrification increases the demand for energy, with impacts natural energy resources. At present, industries are trying to reduce the direct use of traditional energy by utilizing renewable energy as an alternative energy resource. Recent studies have attempted to optimize consumed energies for entire systems by using alternative energies. These alternatives are different kinds of renewable energies which provide numerous new possibilities to survive without using non-renewable energies. The production industry is moving toward smart production using the technology of the fourth industrial revolution. In this book, energy consumption for production and supply chain management are explained through presentation of some the latest major research advances. These studies collectively contribute new ideas and strategies in enriching the literature.

energy --- multi-item smart production --- system reliability --- failure rate --- variable development cost --- sustainable electrical energy supply chain --- inventory --- price-dependent demand --- transmission and distribution costs --- carbon-emission --- renewable energy --- smart production system --- random breakdown --- safety stock --- controllable production rate --- healthcare supply chain management --- platelets --- perishability factor --- location-allocation --- sustainable manufacturing system --- multi-item production --- variable holding cost --- inflation --- control theory --- stochastic production capacity --- unreliable production system --- random failure and repair rates --- electrical energy consumption --- supply chain management --- imperfect production --- distribution free approach --- service level constraint --- transportation discount

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electrical energy storage --- energy storage --- energy conversion --- smart grid management --- electric vehicles charging --- power systems --- Smart power grids --- Computer science --- Energy industries --- Broadcasting --- Smart power grids. --- Broadcasting. --- Computer science. --- Energy industries. --- Industries --- Power resources --- Informatics --- Science --- Broadcasting industry --- Communication and traffic --- Cultural industries --- Telecommunication --- Grids, Smart power --- Power grids, Smart --- Smart grids (Electric power distribution) --- Electric power distribution --- Automation --- Distribució d'energia elèctrica. --- Innovacions tecnològiques. --- Enginyeria elèctrica. --- Electrotècnia --- Electrotecnologia --- Enginyeria --- Aparells elèctrics --- Baixa tensió --- Distribució d'energia elèctrica --- Electrificació --- Electroacústica --- Electrònica --- Enllumenat elèctric --- Dispositius magnètics --- Maquinària elèctrica --- Ràdio --- Telèfon --- Telègraf --- Enginyers elèctrics --- Canvi tecnològic --- Canvis tecnològics --- Innovacions industrials --- Innovacions tècniques --- Noves tecnologies --- Progrès tecnològic --- Invents --- Gestió de la innovació --- Innovacions agrícoles --- Efecte de les innovacions tecnològiques sobre el personal --- Gestió de la tecnologia --- Maquinària en la indústria --- Recerca industrial --- Transferència de tecnologia --- Distribució d'electricitat --- Enginyeria elèctrica --- Instal·lacions elèctriques --- Línies elèctriques --- Xarxes elèctriques --- Innovacions tecnològiques

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The principal advantage of smart electricity meters is their ability to transfer digitized electricity consumption data to remote processing systems. The data collected by these devices make the realization of many novel use cases possible, providing benefits to electricity providers and customers alike. This book includes 14 research articles that explore and exploit the information content of smart meter data, and provides insights into the realization of new digital solutions and services that support the transition towards a sustainable energy system. This volume has been edited by Andreas Reinhardt, head of the Energy Informatics research group at Technische Universität Clausthal, Germany, and Lucas Pereira, research fellow at Técnico Lisboa, Portugal.

smart grid --- nontechnical losses --- electricity theft detection --- synthetic minority oversampling technique --- K-means cluster --- random forest --- smart grids --- smart energy system --- smart meter --- GDPR --- data privacy --- ethics --- multi-label learning --- Non-intrusive Load Monitoring --- appliance recognition --- fryze power theory --- V-I trajectory --- Convolutional Neural Network --- distance similarity matrix --- activation current --- electric vehicle --- synthetic data --- exponential distribution --- Poisson distribution --- Gaussian mixture models --- mathematical modeling --- machine learning --- simulation --- Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) --- NILM datasets --- power signature --- electric load simulation --- data-driven approaches --- smart meters --- text convolutional neural networks (TextCNN) --- time-series classification --- data annotation --- non-intrusive load monitoring --- semi-automatic labeling --- appliance load signatures --- ambient influences --- device classification accuracy --- NILM --- signature --- load disaggregation --- transients --- pulse generator --- smart metering --- smart power grids --- power consumption data --- energy data processing --- user-centric applications of energy data --- convolutional neural network --- energy consumption --- energy data analytics --- energy disaggregation --- real-time --- smart meter data --- transient load signature --- attention mechanism --- deep neural network --- electrical energy --- load scheduling --- satisfaction --- Shapley Value --- solar photovoltaics --- review --- deep learning --- deep neural networks --- n/a

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The Special Issue presents almost 40 papers on recent research in modeling of pyrometallurgical systems, including physical models, first-principles models, detailed CFD and DEM models as well as statistical models or models based on machine learning. The models cover the whole production chain from raw materials processing through the reduction and conversion unit processes to ladle treatment, casting, and rolling. The papers illustrate how models can be used for shedding light on complex and inaccessible processes characterized by high temperatures and hostile environment, in order to improve process performance, product quality, or yield and to reduce the requirements of virgin raw materials and to suppress harmful emissions.

steelmaking --- oxygen consumption --- GPR --- prediction model --- secondary refining --- water model --- mixing time --- slag entrapment --- stainless steel slag --- heating time --- Cr2O3 --- spinel --- crystal size --- processing maps --- nickel-based alloy --- flow behavior --- arrhenius equation --- hearth --- drainage --- PCA --- analysis tool --- pattern --- tapholes --- blast furnace --- coke --- carbon solution loss --- numerical simulation --- pellet pile --- Discrete Element Method --- porosity distribution --- angle of repose --- coordination number --- bubble motion --- interfacial phenomena --- entrainment --- moving path --- arsenopyrite --- arsenic removal --- mechanism --- roasting --- arsenate --- dust ash --- arsenic recovery --- titanium distribution ratio --- thermodynamic model --- ion–molecule coexistence theory --- LF refining slags --- electric arc furnace --- simulation --- process model --- COREX --- raceway zone --- gas flow --- COREX melter gasifier --- mixed charging --- burden layer structure --- burden pile width --- DEM --- burden distribution --- particle flow --- validation --- tire cord steel --- TiN inclusion --- solidification --- segregation models --- hot rolling --- TOU electricity pricing --- hot rolling planning --- genetic algorithm --- C-H2 smelting reduction furnace --- double-row side nozzles --- dimensional analysis --- multiple linear regression --- ironmaking blast furnace --- coke bed --- trickle flow --- molten slag --- liquid iron --- SPH --- charging system --- mathematical model --- radar data --- main trough --- transient fluid of hot metal and molten slag --- wall shear stress --- conjugate heat transfer --- refractory --- shape rolling --- flat rolling --- wire rod --- temperature distribution --- machine learning --- artificial intelligence --- neural network --- BOS reactor --- copper smelting --- SKS --- Shuikoushan process --- oxygen bottom blown --- gated recurrent unit --- support vector data description --- time sequence prediction --- fault detection and identification --- Lignite --- microwave and ultrasound modification --- structural characterization --- 3D molecular model --- structural simulation --- coke combustion rate --- charcoal combustion rate --- iron ore sintering process --- biomass --- quasi-particle --- quasi-particle structure --- monomer blended fuel --- quasi-particle fuel --- apparent activation energy --- coupling effect --- dynamic model --- basic oxygen furnace --- computational fluid dynamics --- CFD–DEM --- coalescence --- settling --- funneling flow --- horizontal single belt casting process (HSBC) --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- double impingement feeding system --- supersonic coherent jet --- decarburization --- steel refining --- EAF --- CFD --- mass transfer coefficient --- physical modeling --- mathematical modeling --- kinetic models --- natural gas --- fuel injection --- combustion --- RAFT --- roll design --- flat-rolled wire --- strain inhomogeneity --- normal pressure --- macroscopic shear bands --- numerical model --- dual gas injection --- slag eye --- electrical energy consumption --- Electric Arc Furnace --- scrap melting --- statistical modeling --- raceway evolution --- raceway size --- flow pattern --- Eulerian multiphase flow --- blast furnace hearth --- dead man --- iron and slag flow --- lining wear --- hearth drainage --- Industry 4.0 --- copper smelter --- nickel-copper smelter --- radiometric sensors --- Peirce-smith converting --- matte-slag chemistry --- discrete event simulation --- adaptive finite differences --- n/a --- ion-molecule coexistence theory --- CFD-DEM