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Fishes --- Adaptation --- Adaptation. --- Fishes - Adaptation

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Biological evolution is a fact--but the many conflicting theories of evolution remain controversial even today. In 1966, simple Darwinism, which holds that evolution functions primarily at the level of the individual organism, was threatened by opposing concepts such as group selection, a popular idea stating that evolution acts to select entire species rather than individuals. George Williams's famous argument in favor of the Darwinists struck a powerful blow to those in opposing camps. His Adaptation and Natural Selection, now a classic of science literature, is a thorough and convincing essay in defense of Darwinism; its suggestions for developing effective principles for dealing with the evolution debate and its relevance to many fields outside biology ensure the timelessness of this critical work.

Adaptation (Biology) --- Natural selection. --- Adaptation (Biology). --- Darwinism --- Selection, Natural --- Genetics --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological invasions --- Evolution (Biology) --- Heredity --- Environment --- Biology --- Self-organizing systems --- Biological fitness --- Environmental adaptation --- Adaptation, Environmental

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Adaptation (Biology) --- Evolution (Biology) --- Habitat (Ecology)

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Amblyopsidae --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Hypogean fishes --- Hypogean fishes --- Adaptation --- Ecophysiology --- Habitat --- Conservation

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Adaptive radiation is the evolution of diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage. It can cause a single ancestral species to differentiate into an impressively vast array of species inhabiting a variety of environments. Much of life's diversity has arisen during adaptive radiations. Some of the most famous recent examples include the East African cichilid fishes, the Hawaiian silverswords, and Darwin's Galapagos finches. This book evaluates the causes of adaptive radiation. It focuses on the 'ecological' theory of adaptive radiation, a body of ideas that began with Darwin and were developed through the early part of the 20th century. This theory proposes that phenotypic divergence and speciation in adaptive radiation are caused ultimately by divergent natural selection arising from differences in environment and competition between species. The text re-evaluates the ecological theory, along with its most significant extensions and challenges, in the light of all the recent evidence. It is the first full exploration of the causes of adaptive radiation in decades.

ZV Ecology --- Adaptation (Biologie) --- Adaptation (Biology). --- adaptive radiation --- diversification --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- General ecology and biosociology --- Ecology. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Ecology --- Evolution (Biology) --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Self-organizing systems --- Variation (Biology) --- Genetics --- Ecologie --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Environmental adaptation --- Adaptation, Environmental