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Phonetics --- Grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Ideophone --- Grammar, Comparative --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Congresses

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Extensively revised and updated, this second edition provides, in an A-Z format, an analysis of the most important generalizations that have been made on the unidirectional change of grammatical forms and constructions. Based on the analysis of more than 1,000 languages, it reconstructs over 500 processes of grammatical change in the languages of the world, including East Asian languages such as Chinese, Korean and Japanese. Readers are provided with the tools to discover how lexical and grammatical meanings can be related to one another in a principled way, how such issues as polysemy, heterosemy, and transcategoriality are dealt with, and why certain linguistic forms have simultaneous lexical and grammatical functions. Definitions of lexical concepts are provided with examples from a broad variety of languages, and references to key relevant research literature. Linguists and other scholars will gain a better understanding of languages on a worldwide scale.

Grammar --- English language --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Grammaticalization --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative

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This book provides a general perspective on valency-changing mechanisms - passives, antipassives, causatives, applicatives - in the languages of the world. It contains a comprehensive typology of causatives by R. M. W. Dixon, and detailed descriptions of valency-changing mechanisms in ten individual languages by leading scholars, based on original fieldwork. The sample languages span five continents and every kind of structural profile. Each contributor draws out the theoretical status and implications of valency-changing derivations in their language of study, and the relevant parameters are drawn together, and typological possibilities delineated, in the editors' introduction. The volume, originally published in 2000, will interest typologists, those working in the fields of morphosyntactic variation and lexical semantics, and exponents of formal theories engaging with the range of linguistic diversity found in natural language.

Grammar --- Dependency grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- -Grammar, Comparative and general --- -Typology (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Linguistic typology --- Linguistics --- Linguistic universals --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- Valence (Linguistics) --- Mathematical linguistics --- Transitivity --- Verb --- Voice --- Typology --- Classification --- Grammar, Comparative --- Syntax --- Dependency grammar. --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Transitivity. --- Verb. --- Voice. --- Typology (Linguistics). --- Voice (Grammar) --- Transitivity (Grammar) --- Verb phrase --- Verbals --- Reflexives --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics

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This volume aims to arrive at a fine-grained and grammar-based understanding of the notions of (inter-)subjectivity and (inter-)subjectification in their application to grammaticalization research. In terms of linguistic theory, position is taken vis-à-vis existing approaches to (inter-)subjectification which are either too narrow or too general by addressing two questions: (i) what is the relation between (inter-)subjectivity and pragmatics, and (ii) on what grounds can subjective and intersubjective meanings be distinguished? In the descriptive sections of the volume, these theoretical considerations are confronted with extensive analytical, and often also quantitative, study of empirical data mainly from English but also from Romance languages. The focus in these case studies is on the analytical and diachronic relations between subjectivity and intersubjectivity, with particular emphasis on the question how linguistic syntagms may shift towards the expression of meanings of which the hearer is an essential part. The domains covered include adverbials and modals, but also the noun phrase, to date a relatively under-researched area in grammaticalization studies. Together these three areas ensure broad verification of existing hypotheses about the relative order in which subjectification and intersubjectification take place. This volume is mainly of interest to researchers and graduate students with a special interest in subjectification, intersubjectification and grammaticalization, and with a general interest in language change. The volume will also be welcomed by functional linguists (in a broad sense), since it is the first to bring eclectic functionalists' reflections to bear so explicitly on grammaticalization.

Subjectivity (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Subjectivity (Linguistics). --- Grammar --- Academic collection --- 801.56 --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Subjectification (Linguistics) --- Semantics --- Grammar, Comparative --- Grammaire --- Subjectivité --- Grammaticalisation --- English /language. --- functional grammar. --- grammaticalization.

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Lexicology. Semantics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language and culture --- Semantics --- Universals (Linguistics) --- Grammaire comparée et générale --- Langage et culture --- Sémantique --- Universaux (Linguistique) --- 801.56 --- Language and languages --- Linguistics --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Culture and language --- Culture --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Universals --- Grammar, Comparative --- Semantiek --- Semantiek. --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Linguistic universals. --- Grammaire comparée et générale --- Sémantique --- Linguistic universals