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Prevalent among classicists today is the notion that Greeks, Romans, and Jews enhanced their own self-perception by contrasting themselves with the so-called Other--Egyptians, Phoenicians, Ethiopians, Gauls, and other foreigners--frequently through hostile stereotypes, distortions, and caricature. In this provocative book, Erich Gruen demonstrates how the ancients found connections rather than contrasts, how they expressed admiration for the achievements and principles of other societies, and how they discerned--and even invented--kinship relations and shared roots with diverse peoples. Gruen shows how the ancients incorporated the traditions of foreign nations, and imagined blood ties and associations with distant cultures through myth, legend, and fictive histories. He looks at a host of creative tales, including those describing the founding of Thebes by the Phoenician Cadmus, Rome's embrace of Trojan and Arcadian origins, and Abraham as ancestor to the Spartans. Gruen gives in-depth readings of major texts by Aeschylus, Herodotus, Xenophon, Plutarch, Julius Caesar, Tacitus, and others, in addition to portions of the Hebrew Bible, revealing how they offer richly nuanced portraits of the alien that go well beyond stereotypes and caricature. Providing extraordinary insight into the ancient world, this controversial book explores how ancient attitudes toward the Other often expressed mutuality and connection, and not simply contrast and alienation.

Greeks --- Romans --- Aliens --- Culture conflict --- Civilization, Classical --- Attitudes --- History --- Public opinion --- Greece --- Rome --- Civilization --- Foreign influences --- Civilization, Classical. --- History. --- Foreign influences. --- Grecs --- Romains --- Etrangers --- Conflit culturel --- Civilisation ancienne --- Histoire --- Opinion publique --- Grèce --- Civilisation --- Influence étrangère --- Classical civilization --- Civilization, Ancient --- Classicism --- Cultural conflict --- Culture wars --- Conflict of cultures --- Intercultural conflict --- Social conflict --- Enemy aliens --- Expatriates --- Foreign citizens (Aliens) --- Foreign population --- Foreign residents --- Foreigners --- Noncitizens --- Resident aliens --- Unnaturalized foreign residents --- Persons --- Deportees --- Exiles --- Immigrants --- Refugees --- Ethnology --- Italic peoples --- Latini (Italic people) --- Mediterranean race --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Rome (Italy) --- Griechenland --- Hellas --- Yaṿan --- Vasileion tēs Hellados --- Hellēnikē Dēmokratia --- République hellénique --- Royaume de Grèce --- Kingdom of Greece --- Hellenic Republic --- Ancient Greece --- Ελλάδα --- Ellada --- Ελλάς --- Ellas --- Ελληνική Δημοκρατία --- Ellēnikē Dēmokratia --- Elliniki Dimokratia --- Grecia --- Grčija --- Hellada --- اليونان --- يونان --- al-Yūnān --- Yūnān --- 希腊 --- Xila --- Греция --- Gret︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Public opinion&delete& --- Attitudes. --- Public opinion. --- Illegal aliens --- Illegal immigrants --- Non-citizens --- Unauthorized immigrants --- Undocumented aliens --- Undocumented immigrants --- Greeks - Attitudes - History - To 1500 --- Romans - Attitudes - History - To 1500 --- Aliens - Greece - Public opinion - History - To 1500 --- Aliens - Rome - Public opinion - History --- Culture conflict - History --- Greece - Civilization - To 146 B.C. - Foreign influences --- Rome - Civilization - Foreign influences --- Grèce --- Étrangers --- Influence étrangère --- Jusqu'à 146 av. J.-C. --- Antiquité --- Étrangers --- Jusqu'à 146 av. J.-C. --- Antiquité

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This book collects twenty two previously published essays and one new one by Erich S. Gruen who has written extensively on the literature and history of early Judaism and the experience of the Jews in the Greco-Roman world. His many articles on this subject have, however, appeared mostly in conference volumes and Festschriften, and have therefore not had wide circulation. By putting them together in a single work, this will bring the essays to the attention of a much broader scholarly readership and make them more readily available to students in the fields of ancient history and early Judaism. The pieces are quite varied, but develop a number of connected and related themes: Jewish identity in the pagan world, the literary representations by Jews and pagans of one another, the interconnections of Hellenism and Judaism, and the Jewish experience under Hellenistic monarchies and the Roman empire.

Jews --- Judaism --- Jewish literature --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Hellenistic Judaism --- Judaism, Hellenistic --- History --- Identity --- History and criticism. --- Hellenism. --- Identity. --- Judaism. --- representations.