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This monograph contains two detailed case studies dealing with the phonetics and phonology of affricates and laryngeals. Based on a survey of 281 languages it states a number of universal generalizations which go counter to common assumptions in the phonological and phonetic literature. Most importantly, (1) a phonological concept ›affricate‹ does not exist at all. Affricates are exclusively stops for matters of phonological contrasts and natural classes, but they are no contour segments composed of [stop] and [continuant]. (2) Laryngeal features are properties of the prosodic level of onset, nucleus, and coda, but not of individual segments. Again, this is shown to hold for contrasts and phonology proper (assimilation, neutralization, 'metathesis' etc.). Based on the empirical findings the book addresses a number of theoretical issues as, e.g., the interaction of phonetics and phonology, or questions of phonological representation. It is claimed that phonetics fulfills important functions with regard to phonology: 'affrication' and laryngeal phasings (e.g. pre- vs. postaspiration) are presented as purely phonetic strategies which serve to make phonological specifications acoustically more salient. Finally, two revisions to current models of feature theory are proposed, both of which lead to a leaner structure of phonological segments: first, stricture contours are eliminated from phonological representation; second, the 'Laryngeal Node' is attached directly to onsets, nuclei, and codas. Die Monographie enthält zwei Einzelstudien zur Phonologie und Phonetik von Affrikaten und Laryngalen aus insgesamt 281 Sprachen. Die empirischen Ergebnisse widerlegen eine Reihe gängiger Lehrmeinungen, z.B.: (1) Affrikaten sind phonologisch ausschließlich Plosive, (2) Laryngale sind Eigenschaften prosodischer Domänen (Anlaut, Nukleus, Koda), (3) Phonetische Strategien (Affrikatisierung, laryngale Phasierung) dienen der akustischen Verstärkung phonologischer Kontraste. Auf theoretischer Ebene werden Fragen der phonologischen Repräsentation (Merkmalskonturen, prososodische Lizensierung etc.) sowie der Schnittstelle von Phonologie und Phonetik diskutiert.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Laryngeals (Phonetics) --- Phonology. --- Glottalisatie (Fonetiek) --- Glottalisation (Phonétique) --- Glottalization (Phonetics) --- Laryngalen (Fonetiek) --- Laryngales (Phonétique) --- Phonology --- Phonetics --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Phonology [Comparative ] --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Phonology

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This book addresses the changing contemporary language worlds in three major contexts. It first discusses how the language landscape maps of cities are changing as a result of increased migration, globalization and global media. These features are evident in place names and place name changes as well as the densities and frequencies of language spoken and used in texts. The second section discusses how the state itself is responding to both indigenous and heritage groups desiring to be included and represented in the state’s political landscapes and also expressions of art and culture. In the third section, the authors address a number of cutting-edge theses that are emerging in the linguistic geography and political words. These include the importance of gender, anthropogenetic discourse, the preservation of endangered languages and challenges to a state’s official language policy. Through including authors from nine different countries, who are writing about issues in twelve countries and their overlapping interests in language mapping, language usage and policy and visual representations, this book provides inspiring research into future topics at local, national, regional and international scales. .

Human geography. --- Linguistics. --- Geography. --- Language and languages—Study and teaching. --- Human Geography. --- Language Education. --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Anthropology --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Globalization --- Language policy. --- Language planning. --- Sociolinguistics. --- Social aspects. --- Language and culture --- Linguistics --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Planned language change --- Sociolinguistics --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Planning

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This reference work delivers an interdisciplinary, applied spatial and geographical approach to the study of languages and linguistics. This work includes chapters and sections related to language origins, diffusion, conflicts, policies, education/instruction, representation, technology, regions, and mapping. Also addressed is the mapping of languages and linguistic diversity, on language in the context of politics, on the relevance of language to cultural identity, on language minorities and endangered languages, and also on language and the arts and non-human language and communication. This reference work looks at the subject matter and contributors to the disciplines and programs in the social sciences and humanities, and the dearth of materials on languages and linguistics. The topics covered are not only discipline-centered, but in the cutting-edge fields that intersect several disciplines and also cut across the social sciences and humanities. These include gender studies, sustainability and development, technology and social media impacts, law and human rights, climate change, public health and epidemiology, architecture, religion, visual representation and mapping. These new and emerging research directions and other intersecting fields are not traditionally discipline-bounded, but cut across numerous fields. The volumes will appeal to those within existing fields and disciplines and those working the intersections at local, regional and global scales.

Human geography. --- Linguistics. --- Geography. --- Human Geography. --- Linguistics, general. --- Geography, general.

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Die Regionalsprachenforschung des Deutschen hat seit der Jahrtausendwende einen kaum für möglich gehaltenen Aufschwung erlebt. Die Forschungsaktivitäten sind als Reaktion auf den im 20. Jahrhundert stark beschleunigten Verlauf der sprachdynamischen Prozesse im Varietätenkontakt sowie im Standard-Dialekt-Gefüge verstehbar. In dem Band stellen sich größer angelegte, meist durch öffentliche Mittel finanzierte Projekte vor, die diesen Prozessen in theoretischer und methodischer Hinsicht Rechnung tragen. Sie ermöglichen faszinierende Einsichten in den aktuellen kommunikativen Alltag sowie in die Entwicklung der deutschen Sprache, die sich zunehmend aus ihrer historisch gewachsenen, sehr engen regionalen Bindung löst. Der Band bündelt diese Erkenntnisse und erlaubt durch eine einheitliche Struktur der Texte direkte Vergleiche von Zielen, Methoden und Ergebnissen der Einzelprojekte. Darüber hinaus behandeln die Autoren in weiterführenden Teilen z.B. konkrete Analysepraktiken und aus den Ergebnissen folgende theoretische und praktische Implikationen. Insgesamt stellt der Band eine aktuelle Standortbestimmung dar, die allen, die sich für die Regionalsprachenforschung des Deutschen interessieren, eine umfassende Orientierung bietet.

German language --- Dialectology --- Linguistic geography. --- Dialects. --- Variation. --- Dialect geography --- Geography, Linguistic --- Language and languages --- Language geography --- Areal linguistics --- Geography