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Two major events occurred in the early centuries of Islam that determined its historical and spiritual development in the centuries that followed: the formation of the sacred scriptures, namely the Qur'an and the Hadith, and the chronic violence that surrounded the succession of the Prophet, manifesting in repression, revolution, massacre, and civil war. This is the first book to evaluate the writing of Islam's major scriptural sources within the context of these bloody, brutal conflicts. Conducting a philological and historical study of little-known though significant ancient texts, Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi rebuilds a Shi'ite understanding of Islam's early history and the genesis of its holy scriptures. At the same time, he proposes a fresh interpretative framework and a new data set for theorizing the early history of Islam, isolating the contradictions between Shi'ite and Sunni sources and their contribution to the tensions that rile these groups today.

Hadith (Shiites) --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- Sulaym ibn Qays, --- Sayyārī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, --- Ḥibarī, al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Ḥakam, --- Abū Jaʻfar al-Qummī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan, --- Kulaynī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʻqūb, --- Ḥabrī, al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Ḥakam, --- Ḥusayn ibn al-Ḥakam al-Ḥibarī, --- Kūfī, al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Ḥakam, --- الحسين بن الحكم الحبري --- Baṣrī, Abū ʻAbd Allāh Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Sayyār, --- Ibn Sayyār, Abū ʻAbd Allāh Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, --- Iṣfahānī, Abū ʻAbd Allāh Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Sayyār, --- Qummī, Abū ʻAbd Allāh Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Sayyār, --- ʻĀmirī, Sulaym ibn Qays, --- Hilālī, Sulaym ibn Qays, --- Ibn Qays, Sulaym, --- Kūfī, Sulaym ibn Qays, --- Salīm ibn Qays, --- Solaim ibn Qays, --- سليم بن قيس --- سليم بن قيس، --- Kulīnī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʻqūb, --- Muḥammad ibn Yaʻqūb al-Kulaynī, --- Kulainī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʻḳūb al-Rāzī, --- كليني، محمد ابن يعقوب, --- كليني، محمد بن يعقوب, --- Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Qummī, Abū Jaʻfar, --- Qummī, Abū Jaʻfar Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan, --- Ṣaffār, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan, --- ابو جعفر القمي، محمد بن الحسن --- ابو جعفر القمي، محمد بن الحسن، --- Qurʼan --- Al-Coran --- Al-Qur'an --- Alcorà --- Alcoran --- Alcorano --- Alcoranus --- Alcorão --- Alkoran --- Coran --- Curān --- Gulan jing --- Karan --- Koran --- Koranen --- Korani --- Koranio --- Korano --- Ku-lan ching --- Ḳurʼān --- Kurāna --- Kurani --- Kuru'an --- Qorān --- Quräan --- Qurʼān al-karīm --- Qurʺon --- Xuraan --- Κοράνιο --- Каран --- Коран --- קוראן --- قرآن --- History --- Commentaries --- History and criticism. --- 297 <09> --- Criticism, interpretation, etc --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van .. --- Sayyārī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, --- Ḥibarī, al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Ḥakam, --- Abū Jaʻfar al-Qummī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan, --- Kulaynī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʻqūb, --- Qurʾan --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van . --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van