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The difference between cause and effect seems obvious and crucial in ordinary life, yet missing modern physics. Almost a century ago, Bertrand Russell called the law of causality 'a relic of a bygone age'. Scholars revisit Russell's conclusion, discussing one of the most significant and puzzling issues in contemporary thought.

Causation

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The book explores the problem of causal inference when a sufficient number of comparative cases cannot be found, which would permit the application of frequency based models formulated in terms of explanatory causal generalisations. The technique advocated develops the idea of Bayesian Narratives deriving evidence for singular causal connections from ethnographically elicited, indicative, counter factual and counter potential statements. Bayesian Narratives assemble multiple causal inferences into a directed a-cyclic di-graph. Comparative Narratives allow that similar digraphs may be compared.

Causation. --- Ethnohistory.

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This book offers a critique of the present status of the concept of causality in the social sciences. "The Causality Syndrome" consists of a belief in causal studies as more important than other studies, a narrow definition of causality, and rules of thumb regarding how to make causal claims. The book argues that the present dominance of this syndrome has considerable downsides and presents a challenge to social science. The book dissects the many interconnected ideas which undergird this syndrome and offers an intellectual home for advanced students, researchers and others who are concerned about the present dominance of The Causality Syndrome. The book critically discusses whether "causality" deserves the central position in social science that its advocates desire. The text shows how methodological rules about causal inference are used to protect causal studies from critique, even in situations where these rules are not followed. It is argued that institutionalization of these rules as symbols of good and trustworthy social science is highly problematic and comes with a price. One of the casualties of causality is that there is less motivation to study complex and pressing issues in society which do not lend themselves to causal study designs. The sections are short. The argument unfolds in a lively, engaged form with examples from many fields, including public health, evaluation and organizational studies. The case examples include classical experiments as well as contemporary research, e.g. studies of the effectiveness of restrictions targeting the spread of coronavirus. Peter Dahler-Larsen is Professor at the Department for Political Science at University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where he is the leader of the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Measurement and Effects (CREME).

Sociology --- sociologie --- Causation.

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"Explaining how various theories about the nature of mind can accommodate mental causation requires some groundwork. It requires formulating these theories about the nature of mind more precisely. It also requires getting clearer about the nature of causation, which in turn has two aspects: the nature of the relata of causation and the nature of the relation itself. These are the tasks of this chapter"-- Provided by publisher.

Causation. --- Causation --- Counterfactuals (Logic) --- Philosophy of mind. --- Psychological aspects.

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Philosophy of mind --- Causation --- PHILOSOPHY --- Mind & Body