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Cet ouvrage aborde une question d'intérêt capital et vital pour l'humanité en général et pour l'Afrique en particulier : la gestion des ressources en eau douce internationales. La première partie de l'ouvrage donne un aperçu général sur l'évolution du droit des cours d'eau internationaux, un accent étant mis sur les développements récents, à la lumière du projet d'articles adopté en seconde lecture en 1994 par la Commission du droit international, sur le droit relatif aux utilisations des cours d'eau internationaux à des fins autres que la navigation. Le régime qu'elle a préconisé a déjà fait école. À titre d'exemple, la Banque Mondiale dans son Règlement de 1989 sur le financement des projets de mise en valeur hydro-électrique des bassins fluviaux. Mais, comme le démontre la deuxième partie de l'ouvrage, le développement du droit des cours d'eau internationaux a notamment tiré profit du système juridique régional africain, fondé sur la technique du développement intégré des ressources en eau partagées par plusieurs États. Le régime de lege ferenda du bassin du Congo-Zaïre, pour lequel la survivance de l'ancien régime de Berlin (1885) et de Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) paraît douteuse, s'aligne sur le modèle de gestion des fleuves comme le Niger et le Sénégal. Cela ressort des projets élaborés par la Commission économique des Nations unies pour l'Afrique et actuellement en cours de négociation entre les États riverains. Enfin, sur le plan de la théorie générale, l'ensemble de l'ouvrage permet à la fois de saisir l'enrichissement du droit des cours d'eau internationaux par d'autres branches du droit international comme le droit de l'environnement et le droit du développement, et de mesurer le rôle joué par le régionalisme africain dans le développement du droit international fluvial.
Cours d'eau internationaux --- International rivers --- Internationale waterwegen --- Water rights (International law) --- Droits sur les eaux (Droit international) --- Water rights --- Water --- Law and legislation. --- Law and legislation --- Water rights (International law). --- Water rights - Congo River Watershed. --- Water rights - Africa. --- Water - Law and legislation. --- Water - Law and legislation - Congo River Watershed. --- Water - Law and legislation - Africa. --- cours d'eau --- transport --- commerce international
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This book presents five articles that are also part of a Special Issue titled: Modelling of River flows, Sediment and Contaminants Transport published in the Water Journal under the section: Water Erosion and Sediment Transport. It covers a wide range of topics, such as predicting the impacts of wildfires on sediment transport and water quality in a mountainous region and estimating the sediment erosion due to release of ice-jams in cold region rivers.
Congo River Basin --- Cuvette Centrale --- erosion --- sediment transport --- sediment balance --- SWAT --- dam area of reservoirs --- fine-grained sediment --- fluid mud --- gravity-driven flow --- reservoir sedimentation --- cohesive sediment --- water supply --- turbidity --- gravel bed river --- ingress --- watershed management --- source water protection --- climate change adaptation --- landscape disturbance --- aquatic life --- bank erosion --- bed shear --- ice jam --- sediment pulse --- suspended-sediment concentration --- water quality --- cohesive sediment transport --- modelling --- flocculation --- critical shear stress --- deposition --- river systems --- entrapment --- n/a
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Ethnicity --- Stereotypes (Social psychology) --- Group identity --- Ethnic identity --- Cultural fusion --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural pluralism --- Mental stereotypes --- Stereotype (Psychology) --- Stereotyping (Social psychology) --- Social psychology --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Rigidity (Psychology) --- Collective identity --- Community identity --- Cultural identity --- Social identity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Collective memory --- Congo River Valley --- Cameroon --- Congo Valley --- Cameron --- Camerun --- Camerŵn --- Federal Republic of Cameroon --- Gweriniaeth Camerŵn --- Jumhūrīyah al-Kāmīrūn --- Kamailong --- Kameroen --- Kameron --- Kameroun --- Kamerun (Republic) --- Kamerunská republika --- Kāmīrūn --- Republic of Cameroon --- Republica de Camerún --- Rèpublica du Cameron --- Republiek van Kameroen --- Republik Kameroun --- Republik Kamerun --- Republika Kamerun --- République du Cameroun --- République fédérale du Cameroun --- République unie du Cameroun --- Rėspublika Kamerun --- State of Cameroon --- United Republic of Cameroon --- Рэспубліка Камерун --- Република Камерун --- Камерун (Republic) --- جمهورية الكاميرون --- كاميرون --- 喀麦隆 --- Cameroun --- Kamerun --- Ethnic relations.
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This book celebrates the ten-year anniversary of the Barcelona Expert Center by presenting recent contributions related to the topics on which the team has been working during these years. The Barcelona Expert Center expertise covers a wide variety of remote sensing fields, but the main focus of the research is on the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) data processing and its ocean, land, and ice applications. This book contains 14 scientific papers addressing topics that range from the description of the new data processing algorithms that are implemented in the last version of the operational SMOS Level 1 processor, to scientific applications derived from SMOS: results on the sea surface salinity assimilation in coastal models; synergies of the sea surface salinity with temperature and chlorophyll, and their impact on the better retrieval of ocean surface currents; quality assessment of SMOS derived sea ice thickness; sea surface salinity; and soil moisture products, among others. Moreover, one of the papers verifies the potential of the future CIMR mission within the CMEMS SSS operational production after the SMOS era.
soil moisture --- root zone --- SMAP --- SMOS --- MODIS --- climatology --- trends --- signal decomposition --- interferometric radiometry --- image reconstruction --- error correction --- surface currents --- mediterranean sea --- satellite altimetry --- sea surface temperature --- sea surface salinity --- BEC SMOS products --- Mediterranean Sea --- Algerian Basin --- ABACUS gliders --- microwave remote sensing --- CIMR --- copernicus marine service --- satellite observations --- tidal currents --- internal tides --- data assimilation --- 4D-Var --- Congo River plume --- satellite salinity --- Angola Basin --- ROMS --- moisture variability --- temporal dynamics --- moisture patterns --- spatial disaggregation --- Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) --- Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) --- REMEDHUS --- L-band radiometry --- Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission --- sea ice thickness --- retrieval model validation --- upward looking sonar --- Arctic --- altimetry --- surface quasi-geostrophic equations --- remote sensing --- ocean color --- data fusion --- data merging --- physical oceanography --- singularity analysis --- faraday rotation angle (FRA) --- vertical total electron content (VTEC) --- L-band --- radiometry --- Interferometry --- ocean salinity (SMOS) --- calibration --- reprocessing --- BEC --- oceanography --- cryosphere --- processing --- sensor calibration
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The atmospheric part of the water cycle is accelerating, affecting hydrological dynamics, especially in tropical and Mediterranean areas, where landscapes, soils and territories are particularly vulnerable to global warming and land use changes. Across four continents and a dozen of different regions or basins, this SI strives to highlight the environmental and societal vulnerabilities and their links with the water cycle. The basins of three of the greatest basins in the world in terms of streamflows—the Amazon River, the Orinoco River and the Congo River—show their unexpected behaviors. This book aims to present past and present status to improve future land and water management.
Africa --- rainfall --- monthly grids --- database --- inverse distance weighted --- agroforestry --- catchment hydrology --- humid tropics --- hydrological modeling --- impact assessment --- land-cover change --- Montane Southeast Asia --- rubber --- trend detection --- water balance --- critical drought --- frequency analysis --- Mediterranean region --- precipitation deficit --- Seyhan River basin --- spatial drought analysis --- standardized precipitation index (SPI) --- Casiquiare --- Orinoco --- Amazon --- bifurcation --- hydro-sedimentary budget --- trends --- Senegal River Basin --- rainfall shift --- hydroclimatic variables --- streamflow --- climate change --- data preprocessing --- donor selection --- drainage area ratio --- Euphrates basin --- moving average --- physical similarity --- streamflow estimation --- ungauged basins --- water salinity --- inverse estuaries --- West Africa --- drought --- mangrove --- Mono basin --- extreme rainfall events --- ENSEMBLE --- regional climate models --- modeling --- MUSLE --- erosion --- solid transport --- dam --- Bouregreg --- Morocco --- overland flow --- inter-rill erosion --- teak tree plantation --- understory --- broom grass --- South–East Asia --- land management --- soil erosion --- flow recession model --- discharge forecast --- Senegal River --- Gambia River --- Niger River --- hydroclimatology --- hydrosedimentology --- hydrogeochemical --- Congo River Basin --- urbanization --- impervious area --- Cameroon --- runoff --- Rambla de Algeciras --- semi-arid --- lake --- lakeshores --- silting --- bank gullies --- UAV --- LiDAR --- DoD --- M3C2 --- Fouta Djallon --- water tower --- depletion (or recession) coefficient --- runoff coefficient --- soil water holding capacity --- basement --- sandstone --- Fula society --- n/a --- South-East Asia
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