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"With masterful storytelling, Bergland and Hayes demonstrate how Lapham blended his ravenous curiosity with an equable temperament and a passion for detail to create a legacy that is still relevant today. -John Gurda In this long overdue tribute to Wisconsin's first scientist, authors Martha Bergland and Paul G. Hayes explore the remarkable life and achievements of Increase Lapham (1811-1875). Lapham's ability to observe, understand, and meticulously catalog the natural world marked all of his work, from his days as a teenage surveyor on the Erie Canal to his last great contribution as state geologist. Self-taught, Lapham mastered botany, geology, archaeology, limnology, mineralogy, engineering, meteorology, and cartography. A prolific writer, his 1844 guide to the territory was the first book published in Wisconsin. Asked late in life which field of science was his specialty, he replied simply, "I am studying Wisconsin." Lapham identified and preserved thousands of botanical specimens. He surveyed and mapped Wisconsin's effigy mounds. He was a force behind the creation of the National Weather Service, lobbying for a storm warning system to protect Great Lakes sailors. Told in compelling detail through Lapham's letters, journals, books, and articles, Studying Wisconsin chronicles the life and times of Wisconsin's pioneer citizen-scientist"--

Natural history --- Botanists --- Naturalists --- Historians, Natural --- Natural historians --- Scientists --- Plant biologists --- Plant scientists --- Biologists --- Plant specialists --- History, Natural --- Natural science --- Physiophilosophy --- Biology --- Science --- Lapham, Increase Allen, --- Lapham, Increase A. --- Lapham, I. A. --- Phytologists

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This study approaches the thought of three colonial New England divines - Increase Mather, Jonathan Edwards, and Edward Taylor - from the perspective of literary criticism.

American literature --- Christian literature, American --- Puritan movements in literature. --- Redemption in literature. --- Puritans in literature. --- American Christian literature --- History and criticism. --- Puritan authors --- Edwards, Jonathan, --- Taylor, Edward, --- Mather, Increase, --- Mather, I. --- أدوردس، يوناثان --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Literary art. --- Puritan movements in literature --- Puritans in literature --- Redemption in literature --- 235.1 --- History and criticism --- Puritan authors&delete& --- Goede engelen --- 235.1 Goede engelen --- Mathers, Increase

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The key to the impact of international election support is credibility; credible elections are less likely to turn violent. So argues Inken von Borzyskowski in The Credibility Challenge, in which she provides an explanation of why and when election support can increase or reduce violence. Von Borzyskowski answers four major questions: Under what circumstances can election support influence election violence? How can election support shape the incentives of domestic actors to engage in or abstain from violence? Does support help reduce violence or increase it? And, which type of support-observation or technical assistance-is better in each instance? The Credibility Challenge pulls broad quantitative evidence and qualitative observations from Guyana, Liberia, Kenya, Sierra Leone, and Bangladesh to respond to these questions. Von Borzyskowski finds that international democracy aid matters for election credibility and violence; outside observers can exacerbate postelection violence if they cast doubt on election credibility; and technical assistance helps build electoral institutions, improves election credibility, and reduces violence. Her results advance research and policy on peacebuilding and democracy promotion in new and surprising ways.

Social problems --- Political sociology --- Political systems --- Democratization --- Election monitoring --- Political violence --- Elections --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- Election observation --- Monitoring, Election --- Poll watching --- Developing countries --- Politics and government. --- increase or reduce violence. --- international democracy aid. --- international election support. --- peacebuilding and deomcracy promotion.

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In this classic work of American religious history, Robert Middlekauff traces the evolution of Puritan thought and theology in America from its origins in New England through the early eighteenth century. He focuses on three generations of intellectual ministers-Richard, Increase, and Cotton Mather-in order to challenge the traditional telling of the secularization of Puritanism, a story of faith transformed by reason, science, and business. Delving into the Mathers' private papers and unpublished writings as well as their sermons and published works, Middlekauff describes a Puritan theory of religious experience that is more creative, complex, and uncompromising than traditional accounts have allowed. At the same time, he portrays changing ideas and patterns of behavior that reveal much about the first hundred years of American life.

Puritans --- Biography. --- Mather, Cotton, --- Mather, Increase, --- Mather, Richard, --- Philopolites, --- C. M. --- M., C. --- Another hand, --- English minister, --- American, --- Mather, C. --- Philalethes, --- Mather, I. --- Macher, Richard, --- Lover of truth, --- Massachusetts --- Massachusetts-Bay (State) --- Massachusetts Bay (Province) --- Province of Massachusetts Bay --- Commonwealth of Massachusetts --- Massaçusets --- Штат Масачусетс --- Shtat Masachusets --- Масачусетс --- Masachusets --- Масачузетс --- Masachuzets --- Cymanwlad Massachusetts --- Méésíchóoshish Hahoodzo --- Massachusettsi osariik --- Μασαχουσετη --- Masachousetē --- Κοινοπολιτεια της Μασαχουσετης --- Koinopoliteia tēs Masachousetēs --- Mancomunidad de Massachusetts --- Masaĉuseco --- Mà-sat-tsû-set --- Makakukeka --- Persemakmuran Massachusetts --- Maasaasuusiits --- מסצ'וסטס --- Masatsʼuseṭs --- קהיליית מסצ'וסטס --- Ḳehiliyat Masatsʼuseṭs --- Masachosèt --- Massachusetta --- Massachuseta --- Massaciusseta --- Respublica Massachusettensis --- Respublica Massachusettensium --- Masačūsetsa --- Masačusetsas --- Masačusets --- Массачусеттс --- Massachusettsiĭn Khamtyn Nȯkhȯrlȯl --- Tlahtohcāyōtl Massachusetts --- マサチューセッツ州 --- Masachūsettsu-shū --- Masachūsettsushū --- Массачусетс --- Massachusets --- Комонвелт Масачусетса --- Komonvelt Masačusetsa --- Komonwelt ng Masatsusets --- Estado ng Masatsusets --- Massachusetts Eyaleti --- Співдружність Массачусетса --- Spivdruz︠h︡nistʹ Massachusetsa --- Khối thịnh vượng chung Massachusetts --- מאסאטשוסעטס --- Masaṭshuseṭs --- קאמאנוועלט פון מאַסאַטשוסעסט --- Ḳomonṿelṭ fun Masaṭshuseṭs --- Masačusetsos --- US-MA --- MA (State) --- MS (State : Massachusetts) --- Mass. (State) --- Maine --- Territory and Dominion of New-England --- Intellectual life --- Puritains --- Biographies --- Religion --- Vie intellectuelle --- Mather, Richard, -- 1596-1669.. --- Mather, Increase, -- 1639-1723.. --- Mather, Cotton, -- 1663-1728.. --- Puritans -- Massachusetts -- Biography.. --- Massachusetts -- Intellectual life -- 17th century.. --- Massachusetts -- Intellectual life -- 18th century. --- 18th century. --- american history. --- baptism. --- biography. --- boston. --- christian history. --- christian. --- church doctrine. --- church history. --- colonial america. --- colonies. --- cotton mather. --- early american history. --- faith. --- history. --- increase mather. --- massachusetts. --- new england. --- nonfiction. --- preacher. --- puritans. --- reason. --- religion. --- religious experience. --- religious history. --- richard mather. --- science. --- sermons. --- spirituality. --- theology. --- witch trials.

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This Special Issue reports research spanning from the analysis of indirect data, modeling, and laboratory and geological data confirming the intrinsic multidisciplinarity of gas hydrate studies. The study areas are (1) Arctic, (2) Brazil, (3) Chile, and (4) the Mediterranean region. The results furnished an important tessera of the knowledge about the relationship of a gas hydrate system with other complex natural phenomena such as climate change, slope stability and earthquakes, and human activities.

ocean acidification --- risk assessment --- modeling --- molecular composition --- ecosystem --- thermogenic gas --- Eastern Mediterranean --- temperature increase --- geohazards --- São Paulo Plateau --- geohazard --- hydrate dissociation --- climate change --- BSR --- thawing --- multidisciplinary --- clathrites --- earthquake --- modelling --- methane cycle --- permafrost --- global change --- methane --- biogenic gas --- salt migration --- subaqueous permafrost --- slope stability --- Chilean margin --- magnetic data --- mantellic source --- active margin --- Arctic shelf --- environmental impact --- Amazon fan --- methane emission --- seismic interpretation --- seep-carbonates --- Bouguer anomaly --- potential methods --- gravimetric data --- methane stability --- northern Apennines --- Santos Basin --- natural gas hydrate --- carbon dioxide --- blue growth --- gas seeps --- seepage --- Chile Triple Junction --- isotopic composition --- gas hydrates --- gas hydrate --- Miocene --- Levant Basin