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"Fragile states pose major development and security challenges. Considerable international resources are therefore devoted to state-building and institutional strengthening in fragile states, with generally mixed results. This volume explores how unpacking the concept of fragility and studying its dimensions and forms can help to build policy-relevant understandings of how states become more resilient and the role of aid therein. It highlights the particular challenges for donors in dealing with 'chronically' (as opposed to 'temporarily') fragile states and those with weak legitimacy, as well as how unpacking fragility can provide traction on how to take 'local context' into account. Three chapters present new analysis from innovative initiatives to study fragility and fragile state transitions in cross-national perspective. Four chapters offer new focused analysis of selected countries, drawing on comparative methods and spotlighting the role of aid versus historical, institutional and other factors. It has become a truism that one-size-fits-all policies do not work in development, whether in fragile or non-fragile states. This is should not be confused with a broader rejection of 'off-the-rack' policy models that can then be further adjusted in particular situations. Systematic thinking about varieties of fragility helps us to develop this range, drawing lessons - appropriately - from past experience. This book was originally published as a special issue of Third World Quarterly, and is available online as an Open Access monograph."

Nation-building

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Abaas Karim geht in seiner Dissertation von der Grundannahme aus, dass sowohl für den Irak insgesamt als auch für die Autonome Region Kurdistan (ARK) im Norden des Iraks der Weg hin zu einer Nationsbildung noch längst nicht abgeschlossen ist und dass angesichts der ethnisch-konfessionellen und politischen Fragmentierung sowohl des Iraks als auch der ARK im Besonderen die politische Ordnung einer föderalistischen Konsensdemokratie nach Schweizer Vorbild anzustreben ist. Zu dieser Schlussfolgerung kommt er, nachdem er sich für die Zeit vor 2003 insbesondere auf die kurdisch-irakische Forschungsliteratur stützt. Für die Jahre 2003-2018 wertet der Autor die beiden Tageszeitungen Xebat, das Sprachrohr der DPK (Demokratische Partei Kurdistans) und Kurdistan Nwe, seit 1992 die Zeitung der PUK (Patriotische Partei Kurdistans) sowie das unabhängige Mediennetzwerk Hawlati («Bürger») systematisch aus. Abaas Karim ist seit 2014 bei der Schweizer Armee tätig und ist zuständig für das Dossier Naher und Mittleren Osten. Abaas Karim, who migrated from Iraq to Switzerland as a refugee more than twenty years ago, starts this dissertation from the basic assumption that both for Iraq as a whole and for the Autonomous Region of Kurdistan (ARK) in the north of Iraq, the path towards nation-building is far from complete and that, in view of the ethnic/confessional and political fragmentation of both Iraq and the ARK in particular, the political order of a federalist consensual democracy based on the Swiss model should be striven for. He comes to this conclusion after drawing on Kurdish-Iraqi research literature in particular on the period before 2003. For the years 2003-2018, A. Karim systematically evaluates the two daily newspapers Xebat, the mouthpiece of the DPK (Democratic Party of Kurdistan), and Kurdistan Nwe, the newspaper of the PUK (Patriotic Union of Kurdistan) since 1992, as well as the independent media network Hawlati ('Citizens'). Abaas Karim has been working for the Swiss Armed Forces since 2014 and is responsible for its Middle East dossier.

Democracy. --- Nation-building.

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"Andrew Radin challenges the accepted wisdom about the difficulties that foreign missions face when reforming state institutions in post-conflict societies. Rather than purging former elites and forcing democratic reform, Radin shows how working with elites, accounting for nationalist goals, and tempering or delaying reform objectives is more likely to produce enduring peace and stability. He examines the cases of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Iraq, and Timor-Leste, and compares them to a case of reform during an ongoing conflict in Ukraine. He focuses on reform efforts to the central government, defense sector, and police. Radin's domestic opposition theory offers a better explanation than either resources or path dependence as to why institution building fails. His work is based on field research in these countries and over 160 interviews. This is essential reading for scholars and practitioners of post-conflict missions, peacebuilding, and security"--

Postwar reconstruction --- Nation-building

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"The Mughals, British and Soviets all failed to subjugate Afghanistan, failures which offer valuable lessons for today. Taking a long historical perspective from 1520 to 2012, this volume examines the Mughal, British, Soviet and NATO efforts in Afghanistan, drawing on new archives and a synthesis of previous counter-insurgency experiences. Special emphasis is given to ecology, terrain and logistics to explain sub-conventional operations and state-building in Afghanistan. War and State-Building in Modern Afghanistan provides an overall synthesis of British, Russian, American and NATO military activities in Afghanistan, which directly links past experiences to the current challenges. These timely essays are particularly relevant to contemporary debates about NATO's role in Afghanistan; do the war and state-building policies currently employed by NATO forces undercut or enhance a political solution? The essays in this volume introduce new historical perspectives on this debate, and will prove illuminating reading for students and scholars interested in military history, the history of warfare, international relations and comparative politics."--

Nation-building --- Afghanistan --- History, Military.

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Nation-building --- History --- Latvia --- Politics and government