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This book was established after closing the special issue “Water and Ion Transport in Plants: New and Older Trends Meet Together” edited by Dr. Vadim Volkov, Professor Lars Wegner and Dr Mary Beilby as Guest Editors and Mr. Everett Zhu as Manager Editor. This book represents a small collection of bright papers related to water and ion transport in plants; these exceptionally wide topic cannot be covered within a single Book, so the aim was to recall the main concepts established for water and ion transport, to introduce new ideas, including controversial ones, and to link these ideas for generating directions of potential future research and progress. The goal was reached pointing to the main traditionally studied ion transport systems: ion channels, ion transporters, sodium and proton ATPases and macroscopic effects of their activity. Water transport in roots was shown in full complexity with its links to ion transport systems and aquaporins. Nonconventional use of silicon particles as addition to fertilizers is a subject of a paper within the collection. We hope that the Book will be a good reading with excellent examples of modern research; we are also assured that the Book will stimulate the future interest in water and ion transport in plants.

vacuole --- potassium --- homeostasis --- NHX --- auxin distribution --- PIN --- intracellular trafficking --- root pressure --- exudation --- xylem embolism --- mechanosensitive ion channels --- ion transporters --- aquaporins --- water transport --- silicon fertiliser --- wheat --- osmotic stress --- drought stress --- landraces --- genotypic variation --- Dunaliella --- cloning --- expression --- H+-ATPase --- microalgae --- Na+-ATPase --- qRT-PCR --- salt shock --- salt tolerance --- Suaeda altissima --- anion transporters --- chloride channel family --- CLC family --- halophytes --- molecular cloning --- SaCLCd --- SaCLCf --- SaCLCg

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This Special Issue contributes to filling knowledge gaps regarding NUS in horticultural and ornamental systems, as well as in landscapes, by collecting original research papers dealing with the relevance of NUS to the following topics: biodiversity and conservation; genetics and breeding; characterization, propagation, and ecophysiology; cultivation techniques and systems; landscape protection and restoration; product and process innovations; biochemistry and composition; and postharvest factors affecting their end-use quality.

Pinus koraiensis --- EST-SSRs --- genetic diversity --- population structure --- population differentiation --- gene flow --- nutraceuticals --- breeding --- Solanum aethiopicum --- neglected and underutilized --- phytochemicals --- dune spinach --- NaCl --- functional food --- salt tolerance --- underexploited vegetable --- dandelion --- common brighteyes --- wild edible greens --- chemical composition --- nutrient contents --- soilless cultivation --- minerals content --- saline conditions --- NUS --- sustainable food supply --- nutritional security --- Apulia Region --- Portulaca olearacea --- Borago officinalis --- yield --- antioxidants --- phenolics --- flavonoids --- Ginkgo biloba --- trace elements --- starch --- terpene trilactones --- ginkgotoxin --- ginkgolik acid --- antimicrobial --- wood apple --- fatty acid profile --- tocopherol --- nutritional --- GC-MS --- HPLC --- MaxEnt --- ecological niche modeling (ENM) --- endangered species --- Cyatheaceae --- environmental factors --- plant-based biostimulants --- foliar application --- bottle gourd landraces --- greenhouse cultivation --- crop production --- NUE --- fatty acids --- free sugars --- organic acids --- UPLC --- salinity --- microbial growth --- sensory quality --- floating system --- ready-to-eat --- root knot nematode --- Punica granatum --- bioagents --- nematicides --- neemcake --- climate resilient --- arid zone fruits --- adaptation --- nutritional quality --- n/a

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Salt stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses because most crop plants are susceptible to salinity to different degrees. According to the FAO, about 800 million Has of land are affected by salinity worldwide. Unfortunately, this situation will worsen in the context of climate change, where there will be an overall increase in temperature and a decrease in average annual rainfall worldwide. This Special Issue presents different research works and reviews on the response of plants to salinity, focused from different points of view: physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Although an important part of the studies on the response to salinity have been carried out with Arabidopsis plants, the use of other species with agronomic interest is also notable, including woody plants. Most of the conducted studies in this Special Issue were focused on the identification and characterization of candidate genes for salt tolerance in higher plants. This identification would provide valuable information about the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in the salt tolerance response, and it also supplies important resources to breeding programs for salt tolerance in plants.

soluble nutrients --- transcription factor --- n/a --- CDPK --- salicylic acid --- antioxidant enzymes --- light saturation point --- phytohormone --- ion homeostasis --- antioxidant systems --- photosynthesis --- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii --- high salinity --- nitric oxide --- poplars (Populus) --- root activity --- abiotic stresses --- transcriptional activator --- germination --- ABA --- transcriptome --- mandelonitrile --- redox homeostasis --- association mapping. --- redox signalling --- osmotic stress --- flax --- strigolactones --- salt tolerance --- nucleolin --- CaDHN5 --- photosystem --- EST-SSR --- NMT --- Sapium sebiferum --- Gossypium arboretum --- SOS --- Brassica napus --- SnRK2 --- HKT1 --- grapevine --- transcription factors --- cucumber --- underpinnings of salt stress responses --- abiotic stress --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- RNA-seq --- halophytes --- single nucleotide polymorphisms --- dehydrin --- J8-1 plum line --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- natural variation --- hydrogen peroxide --- salt stress --- lipid peroxidation --- ROS detoxification --- ROP --- molecular mechanisms --- cell membrane injury --- booting stage --- ascorbate cycle --- banana (Musa acuminata L.) --- iTRAQ quantification --- ROS --- Na+ --- Capsicum annuum L. --- bZIP transcription factors --- multiple bioactive constituents --- NaCl stress --- physiological changes --- VOZ --- transcriptional regulation --- genome-wide identification --- Apocyni Veneti Folium --- impairment of photosynthesis --- salt-stress --- Oryza sativa --- reactive oxygen species --- lipid accumulation --- polyamines --- multivariate statistical analysis --- DEUs --- salinity --- TGase --- Salt stress --- Prunus domestica --- proteomics --- Arabidopsis --- RNA binding protein --- rice --- glycophytes --- SsMAX2 --- drought --- genome-wide association study --- transcriptome analysis --- signal pathway --- melatonin --- MaROP5g

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Integrating biomass production of short rotation woody crops (SRWCs), with their use in environmental applications to produce income, sequester carbon, and clean the environment, provides an opportunity to enhance livelihoods and increase ecosystem services in rural and urban communities. This book consists of 20 papers from the special issue on the Growth and Development of SRWCs for Rural and Urban Applications highlighting four genera (Phalaris L., Populus L., Robinia L., Salix L.) from 13 countries. In addition to the development and management of a Salix cultivar database, rural and urban applications represented in the book included: a) forest buffers, b) forest health screening, c) phytoremediation, d) short rotation coppice, e) volume production, and f) wastewater reuse.

cutback --- mulch --- Salix --- short-rotation coppice --- weed control --- woody biomass --- intensive silviculture --- Populus maximowiczii × P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa --- fast-growing tree species --- severe soil disturbance --- foliar nutrition --- soil inorganic N --- deer browsing --- short rotation coppice --- yield loss --- bioenergy plantation --- Populus --- renewable energy --- Populus × euramericana --- Lonsdalea populi --- canker diseases --- poplar diseases --- bacterial canker of poplars --- die-back of poplars --- MLSA --- short rotation coppice (SRC) --- biomass --- white poplar --- black locust --- monocultures --- mixture --- leaf litter --- SRC (Short Rotation Coppice) --- short rotation woody crops --- sustainability --- Mediterranean conditions --- management --- review --- fuelwood --- seasoning --- log diameter --- splitting --- heating value --- moisture content --- agroforestry --- red maple --- white ash --- trembling aspen --- fast growing trees --- poplar hybrids --- poplar clones --- tree height --- DBH --- stem volume --- yield --- Kyrgyzstan --- Kazakhstan --- Tajikistan --- ecosystem services --- multi-environmental trials (MET) --- phenotypic plasticity --- phyto buffers --- phyto-recurrent selection --- phytotechnologies --- poplars --- effluent water treatment --- short rotation coppice willow --- irrigation --- growth response --- biomass crops --- mineral content --- tree growth --- tree biomass --- volume forest stand --- thickness classes --- clonal selection --- genotype × environment (G × E) interactions --- evapotranspirative willow system --- resource recovery --- sustainable wastewater treatment --- oil sands reclamation --- end-pit lake --- balsam poplar --- salt tolerance --- Populus sp. --- bioenergy --- SRC --- financial analysis --- break-even-point --- net present value --- proof-of-concept: use case --- spreadsheet --- CSV file --- SQL --- database --- data integrity --- GitHub --- Linux --- poplar --- salt stress --- gene expression analyses --- radical scavenger capacity --- osmolytes --- cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela scripta) --- stand density --- fertilizer application --- soil quality --- Melampsora rust --- energy crops --- land use --- reed canary grass (RCG) --- Phalaris arundinacea L. --- n/a

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Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed.

optical sensor --- spectral analysis --- response surface sampling --- sensor evaluation --- electromagnetic induction --- multivariate water quality parameters --- mandarin orange --- crop inspection platform --- SPA-MLR --- object tracking --- feature selection --- simultaneous measurement --- diseases --- genetic algorithms --- processing of sensed data --- electrochemical sensors --- thermal image --- ECa-directed soil sampling --- handheld --- recognition patterns --- salt concentration --- clover-grass --- bovine embedded hardware --- weed control --- soil --- field crops --- vineyard --- connected dominating set --- water depth sensors --- SS-OCT --- wheat --- striped stem-borer --- silage --- geostatistics --- detection --- NIR hyperspectral imaging --- electronic nose --- machine learning --- virtual organizations of agents --- packing density --- data validation and calibration --- dataset --- Wi-SUN --- temperature sensors --- geoinformatics --- gas sensor --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy --- vegetable oil --- photograph-grid method --- Vitis vinifera --- WSN distribution algorithms --- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy --- irrigation --- quality assessment --- energy efficiency --- wireless sensor network (WSN) --- geo-information --- Fusarium --- texture features --- weeds --- discrimination --- big data --- soil moisture sensors --- meat spoilage --- land cover --- stereo imaging --- near infrared sensors --- biological sensing --- compound sensor --- pest management --- moisture --- plant localization --- heavy metal contamination --- artificial neural networks --- spectral pre-processing --- moisture content --- apparent soil electrical conductivity --- data fusion --- semi-arid regions --- smart irrigation --- back propagation model --- wireless sensor network --- energy balance --- light-beam --- fluorescent measurement --- agriculture --- precision agriculture --- deep learning --- spectroscopy --- hulled barely --- dielectric probe --- RPAS --- water supply network --- rice leaves --- mobile app --- gradient boosted machines --- hyperspectral camera --- one-class --- nitrogen --- LiDAR --- total carbon --- chemometrics analysis --- rice --- agricultural land --- on-line vis-NIR measurement --- CARS --- obstacle detection --- stratification --- neural networks --- regression estimator --- Kinect --- proximity sensing --- distributed systems --- pest --- noninvasive detection --- texture feature --- soil mapping --- classification --- soil salinity --- visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy --- germination --- computer vision --- hyperspectral imaging --- diffusion --- dielectric dispersion --- UAS --- random forests --- case studies --- total nitrogen --- thermal imaging --- cameras --- dry matter composition --- near-infrared --- salt tolerance --- deep convolutional neural networks --- soil type classification --- water management --- preprocessing methods --- wireless sensor networks (WSN) --- remote sensing image classification --- precision plant protection --- radar --- spatial variability --- GF-1 satellite --- plant disease --- naked barley --- leaf area index --- CIE-Lab --- change of support --- radiative transfer model --- 3D reconstruction --- plant phenotyping --- vine --- near infrared --- vegetation indices --- remote sensing --- greenhouse --- time-series data --- scattering --- sensor --- crop area --- speckle --- spatial data --- grapevine breeding --- wide field view --- partial least squares-discriminant analysis --- spiking --- area frame sampling --- chromium content --- machine-learning --- RGB-D sensor --- pest scouting --- PLS --- Capsicum annuum --- spatial-temporal model --- drying temperature --- boron tolerance --- ambient intelligence --- laser wavelength --- fuzzy logic --- dynamic weight --- landslide --- management zones --- real-time processing --- event detection --- crop monitoring --- apple shelf-life --- rice field monitoring --- wireless sensor --- birth sensor --- proximal sensor