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Despite the humble origins of its name (Anglo Saxon for 'the speck at the head of a boil'), the dot has been one of the most versatile players in the history of written communication, to the point that it has become virtually indispensable. This text offers a wide ranging account of this much overlooked and miniscule linguistic sign.

Dot (Symbol) --- Signs and symbols --- History. --- History --- Semiotics --- Orthography

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"Das Symbol ist die Sprache der Religion." - Dieser Gedanke markiert das Zentrum der Religionstheorie Paul Tillichs. Die frühe Konzeption des religiösen Symbols fokussiert dabei den Ertrag paradoxtheologischer, sinntheoretischer und geistphilosophischer Reflexion. Vor deren Hintergrund kann Tillich Symbole als allein adäquate Ausdrucksgestalt einer das religiöse Bewusstsein definierenden, in sich unendlichen Transzendierungsbewegung begreiflich machen. Seine Symboltheorie repräsentiert im interdisziplinären Diskurs 'Metapher - Symbol - Zeichen - Begriff' eine genuin theologische und religionsphilosophische Position von bleibender Bedeutung. Im Ausgang von Tillichs Frühschriften vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg rekonstruiert Lars Heinemann zunächst den Paradoxgedanken als Vorläuferfigur des späteren Symbolbegriffs. Vor dem Hintergrund der beiden kategorialen Rahmentheorien der 1920er Jahre - des Sinns und des Geistes - wird schließlich der Symbolgedanke selbst nach seinen wesentlichen Theoriedimensionen hin entfaltet. Die Arbeit leistet auf Grundlage der erheblich verbesserten Quellenlage des frühen und mittleren Werkes einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Erschließung von Tillichs Sinn-, Geist- und Symbolverständnis. Sie zeigt dabei, u.a. mit Blick auf die Rezeption Ernst Cassirers und semiotischer Entwürfe, die Bedeutung seines Symbolbegriffs für gegenwärtige Fragestellungen der Systematischen und Praktischen Theologie.

Religion --- Philosophy. --- Tillich, Paul, --- Paul Tillich. --- Theology. --- philososphy of religion. --- symbol theory.

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Designing Disability traces the emergence of an idea and an ideal - physical access for the disabled - through the evolution of the iconic International Symbol of Access (ISA). The book draws on design history, material culture and recent critical disability studies to examine not only the development of a design icon, but also the cultural history surrounding it. Infirmity and illness may be seen as part of human experience, but 'disability' is a social construct, a way of thinking about and responding to a natural human condition. Elizabeth Guffey's highly original and wide-ranging study considers the period both before and after the introduction of the ISA, tracing the design history of the wheelchair, a product which revolutionised the mobility needs of many disabled people from the 1930s onwards. She also examines the rise of 'barrier-free architecture' in the reception of the ISA, and explores how the symbol became widely adopted and even a mark of identity for some, especially within the Disability Rights Movement. Yet despite the social progress which is inextricably linked to the ISA, a growing debate has unfurled around the symbol and its meanings. The most vigorous critiques today have involved guerrilla art, graffiti and studio practice, reflecting new challenges to the relationship between design and disability in the twenty-first century.

Barrier-free design --- International Symbol of Access --- Signs and symbols --- 72.012 --- Representation, Symbolic --- Semeiotics --- Signs --- Symbolic representation --- Symbols --- Abbreviations --- Omens --- Semiotics --- Sign language --- Symbolism --- Visual communication --- Access symbol --- Handicap symbol --- International Symbol of Accessibility --- ISA (International Symbol of Access) --- Wheelchair symbol --- Safety signs --- Access to buildings for people with disabilities --- Accessibility for people with disabilities --- Architecture and the handicapped --- Architecture and the physically handicapped --- People with disabilities and architecture --- Architecture --- Design --- 72.012 Architectuur. Bouwkunst--?.012 --- Architectuur. Bouwkunst--?.012 --- History --- Social aspects&delete& --- Social policy and particular groups --- symbols --- handicapped --- Accessibilité aux handicapés --- Signaux et signalisation --- Arts graphiques --- Histoire --- Histoire. --- Social aspects --- Accessibilité aux handicapés --- International Symbol of Access. --- History.

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Mittelalterliche Figuren inspirieren seit Jahren wieder stärker das öffentliche und wissenschaftliche Denken. Zentral dabei sind Teufel und Engel. Als alte mythologische Gestalten sind beide der Entmythologisierung und Säkularisierung ausgesetzt gewesen mit der Folge, dass ein aufgeklärt-naiver Realismus gefragt hat, ob es sie wirklich gebe und welches ihre Natur, gar welches ihre Physiologie sei. Nach Überwindung solcher Modernität entstehen die eigentlichen philosophischen Fragen nach dem Dia-bolos (Durcheinanderwerfer) und seinem Zusammenhang mit dem Sym-bolon (Zusammenwurf) sowie die nach dem Zusammenhang des Boten (angelos) mit der Botschaft (angelion). Ein höllisch-dialektisches Vergnügen mit himmlischen Aussichten.

Teufel; Engel; Symbol; Botschaft; Religion; Kulturphilosophie; Religionswissenschaft; Philosophie; Philosophy of Culture; Religious Studies; Philosophy --- Philosophy of Culture. --- Philosophy. --- Religious Studies.

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One of the hardest problems in science is the symbol grounding problem, a question that has intrigued philosophers and linguists for more than a century. With the rise of artificial intelligence, the question has become very actual, especially within the field of robotics. The problem is that an agent, be it a robot or a human, perceives the world in analogue signals. Yet humans have the ability to categorise the world in symbols that they, for instance, may use for language. This book presents a series of experiments in which two robots try to solve the symbol grounding problem. The experiments are based on the language game paradigm, and involve real mobile robots that are able to develop a grounded lexicon about the objects that they can detect in their world. Crucially, neither the lexicon nor the ontology of the robots has been preprogrammed, so the experiments demonstrate how a population of embodied language users can develop their own vocabularies from scratch.

Symbol grounding. --- Language acquisition --- Artificial intelligence. --- Data processing. --- Symbol grounding --- Artificial intelligence --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Acquisition of language --- Developmental linguistics --- Developmental psycholinguistics --- Language and languages --- Language development in children --- Psycholinguistics, Developmental --- Data processing --- Acquisition --- E-books --- Artificiële intelligentie. --- Computational linguistics. --- Machine translating. --- Taaltechnologie. --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Interpersonal communication in children --- Psycholinguistics --- Computational linguistics --- language in robots --- artificial intelligence --- Feature extraction --- Feature vector --- Joint attention --- Lexicon --- Reference --- Symbol grounding problem --- Talking Heads