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This publication examines how drug originator manufacturers manage to shield their products from competition. It characterizes the pharmaceutical industry in detail and analyzes actions that violate antitrust laws in the USA and/or the European Union. The publication examines, for example, pay-for-delay strategies, market foreclosure, resale price maintenance, but also mergers and acquisitions, while taking into account market specificities such as the unique research and development process. The study explains why drug prices sometimes remain at elevated levels even after the drug’s patent protection has expired. Knowing the characteristics of such anticompetitive strategies helps customers such as health insurance companies to develop effective counter-strategies. Contents • Overview of Antitrust and Competition Issues • Vertical Restraints under Parallel Trade • Competitive Restraints under Reference Pricing Target Groups • Scholars and students of economics and business administration with a focus on pharmacoeconomics and competition law • Executives and consultants in health insurance companies and regulatory institutions About the Author Ann-Kathrin Lehnhausen, M.Sc. in Business Administration and M.A. in Economics, worked at Justus-Liebig-University Giessen as teaching asssistant during her studies. After her graduation she started working as junior sales manager, responsible for API Exports, at a pharmaceutical company, where she combines her interest in economics with her interest in the pharmaceutical market.

Economic policy and planning (general) --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Organization theory --- Production management --- Business management --- economische politiek --- management --- gezondheidseconomie --- informatietechnologie --- Management. --- Health economics. --- Economic policy. --- Innovation/Technology Management. --- Health Economics. --- Economic Policy. --- pharmaceutical industry --- competition --- restriction on competition --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Organization --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Economics, Medical --- Health --- Health economics --- Hygiene --- Medical care --- Medicine --- ограничување на конкуренцијата --- konkurencijos ribojimas --- ograničavanje tržišnoga natjecanja --- concurrentiebeperking --- omezování soutěže --- restrizzjoni tal-kompetizzjoni --- Wettbewerbsbeschränkung --- ograniczenia konkurencji --- restricción de la competencia --- konkurences ierobežojums --- restrizione alla concorrenza --- restricționarea concurenței --- omejevanje konkurence --- konkurrensbegränsning --- ограничавање конкуренције --- restriction à la concurrence --- ограничение на конкуренцията --- kilpailun rajoittaminen --- restrição de concorrência --- kufizim mbi konkurrencën --- περιορισμός του ανταγωνισμού --- konkurentsi piiramine --- obmedzenie hospodárskej súťaže --- konkurrencebegrænsning --- versenykorlátozás --- nekalé obchodní praktiky --- nem megengedett kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- practică comercială ilegală --- unerlaubter Wettbewerb --- discriminatory trading practice --- verfälschter Wettbewerb --- práctica comercial restrictiva --- konkurentsi kahjustamine --- νοθευμένος ανταγωνισμός --- concorrenza falsata --- restrizione alla libertà di concorrenza --- unlauterer Wettbewerb --- restrictieve handelspraktijk --- competencia imperfecta --- pratica commerciale restrittiva --- shtrembërim i konkurrencës --- concorrenza illecita --- pratica commerciale limitativa --- illegális kereskedelmi magatartás --- prática comercial restritiva --- pratica commerciale abusiva --- concurrentievervalsing --- denaturarea concurenței --- restrizione di concorrenza --- práctica comercial abusiva --- concorrenza imperfetta --- pratique commerciale discriminatoire --- diskriminacinė prekybos praktika --- illojal konkurrens --- nesąžininga konkurencija --- στρέβλωση του ανταγωνισμού --- tiltott versenymagatartás --- pratique commerciale abusive --- laittomat kaupankäyntitavat --- comportamento anticoncorrenziale --- αθέμιτος ανταγωνισμός --- oneerlijke concurrentie --- forvansket konkurrence --- konkurrenceforvridning --- καταχρηστική εμπορική πρακτική --- zkreslení soutěže --- práctica comercial discriminadora --- seadusevastane kaubandustegevus --- negodīga tirdzniecības prakse --- concorrência ilícita --- konkurentsi moonutamine --- ongeoorloofde concurrentie --- syrjivä kaupankäynti --- αθέμιτη εμπορική πρακτική --- falsa concorrência --- ebaaus konkurents --- illoyal konkurrence --- narušenie hospodárskej súťaže --- wettbewerbswidrige Praktiken --- práctica comercial desleal --- ατελής ανταγωνισμός --- concorrência imperfeita --- unfair trade practice --- distorsión de la competencia --- concurrence imparfaite --- distorsione della concorrenza --- prática comercial discriminatória --- practică comercială discriminatorie --- konkurencijos apribojimas --- jogellenes kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- konkurrencë e padrejtë --- ufuldkommen konkurrence --- konkurencijos iškreipimas --- concurență neloială --- onvolkomen concurrentie --- konkurences traucējumi --- nelojalna konkurencija --- illegal trade practice --- concurrence illicite --- nezákonné obchodní praktiky --- дискриминаторна деловна практика --- praktikë tregtare diskriminuese --- kõlvatu konkurents --- nekalá soutěž --- prática comercial abusiva --- diskriminējoša tirdzniecības prakse --- distorsione artificiale della concorrenza --- diszkriminatív kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- нарушена конкуренција --- nesąžininga prekybos praktika --- missbräuchliche Handelspraktiken --- discriminerende handelspraktijk --- ograničavanje konkurencije --- pratique commerciale déloyale --- uretmæssig konkurrence --- diskriminierende Handelspraktiken --- Wettbewerbsverzerrung --- competencia desleal --- distortion of competition --- a versenyhelyzet torzulása --- neteisėta prekybos praktika --- nelikumīga tirdzniecības prakse --- concorrência desleal --- verseny torzulása --- otillbörligt handelsbruk --- pratica commerciale sleale --- competencia ilícita --- prática comercial desleal --- megkülönböztető kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- onzuivere concurrentie --- konkurrenssnedvridning --- ebaõiglane kaubandustegevus --- εμπορική πρακτική που εισάγει διακρίσεις --- oneerlijke handelspraktijk --- wederrechtelijke handelspraktijk --- vilpilliset kaupankäyntitavat --- нарушување на конкуренцијата --- konkurrencemisbrug --- concorrenza distorta --- unfair competition --- practică comercială neloială --- otillåtna affärsmetoder --- praktikë e padrejtë e tregtisë --- konkurences ierobežošana --- nekalá súťaž --- vilpillinen kilpailu --- concurrence déloyale --- concorrenza sleale --- unvollkommene Konkurrenz --- fordrejet konkurrence --- nekalé obchodné postupy --- praktikë e paligjshme e tregtisë --- несовршена конкуренција --- imperfekt konkurrence --- negodīga konkurence --- distorção de concorrência --- περιοριστική εμπορική πρακτική --- restriktive Handelspraktiken --- diskrimineeriv kaubandustegevus --- competencia falseada --- unvollkommener Wettbewerb --- нечесна трговија --- diskriminační obchodní praktiky --- nezákonné obchodné postupy --- tisztességtelen kereskedelmi magatartás --- unlautere Handelspraktiken --- pratique commerciale restrictive --- distorsion de la concurrence --- kilpailun vääristyminen --- ofullständig konkurrens --- diskriminačný obchodný postup --- olovlig konkurrens --- pratica commerciale discriminatoria --- nepošteno tržišno natjecanje --- concurență --- ανταγωνισμός --- konkurencja --- Wettbewerb --- soutěž --- konkurencia --- конкуренция --- concurrentie --- tržišno natjecanje --- concorrência --- kilpailu --- kompetizzjoni --- iomaíocht --- competencia --- concurrence --- konkurrencë --- konkurenca --- konkurrence --- konkurents --- конкуренција --- konkurencija --- concorrenza --- konkurrens --- konkurence --- verseny --- principio della concorrenza --- condição de concorrência --- mededinging --- konkurrencevilkår --- concorrenza praticabile --- concorrenza effettiva --- posizione concorrenziale --- ефективна конкуренција --- condizioni di concorrenza --- начела на конкуренција --- услови на конкуренција --- конкурентска позиција --- medicinalindustri --- indústria farmacêutica --- farmacijos pramonė --- farmācijas rūpniecība --- farmaceutický průmysl --- фармацевтична промишленост --- läkemedelsindustri --- industria farmaceutica --- industri farmaceutike --- φαρμακοβιομηχανία --- pharmazeutische Industrie --- фармацевтска индустрија --- farmaceutska industrija --- lääketeollisuuus --- industria farmaceutică --- industrie pharmaceutique --- farmaceutische industrie --- farmaceutický priemysel --- industrija farmaċewtika --- farmaatsiatööstus --- farmacevtska industrija --- gyógyszeripar --- фармацеутска индустрија --- przemysł farmaceutyczny --- industria farmacéutica --- lääkkeiden valmistaminen --- фармацевтски производи --- ravimitööstus --- Pharmaindustrie --- farmaceutická produkce --- фармација --- βιομηχανία φαρμάκων --- lékárenský průmysl --- gyógyszergyártás --- pharmaceutical production --- farmaceutická výroba --- медикаменти --- produkce léků --- medicinalvareproduktion --- läkemedelsproduktion --- výroba léčiv --- Arzneimittelproduktion --- vaistų pramonė --- ravimite valmistamine --- лекови --- výroba léků --- farmaceutska proizvodnja --- farmācijas ražojumi --- prodhim farmaceutik --- farmaceutische productie --- produção farmacêutica --- production pharmaceutique --- producción farmacéutica --- výroba farmak --- produzione farmaceutica --- vaistų gamyba --- producție farmaceutică --- produkce farmak --- Economic aspects --- Industrial management. --- Business administration --- Business enterprises --- Corporate management --- Corporations --- Industrial administration --- Management, Industrial --- Rationalization of industry --- Scientific management --- Management --- Business --- Industrial organization