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World Resources 2000-2001, People and Ecosystems: The Fraying Web of Life focuses on the critical link between ecosystems and people and provides an overview of current global environmental and economic trends using hundreds of indicators in more than 150 countries. Until now there has not been a comprehensive, formalised process to assess human damage to our ecosystems, to establish a baseline for future actions, or to disseminate information that would aid the formulation of better policies world-wide. This book is the first reliable, comprehensive base of evidence fo

Natural resources --- Environmental health. --- Environmental degradation --- Human beings --- Hygiène du milieu --- Homme --- Health aspects. --- Effect of environment on. --- Influence de l'environnement --- AA / International- internationaal --- 338.013 --- 351.2 --- 355 --- 338.724 --- Belang, verdeling en beleid van de natuurlijke rijkdommen. Grondstoffen --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling --- Milieu --- Teelten --- Environmental engineering. --- Biotic communities. --- Nature --- Effect of human beings on. --- International cooperation.

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Throughout much of history, a critical driving force behind global economic development has been the response of society to the scarcity of key natural resources. Increasing scarcity raises the cost of exploiting existing natural resources and creates incentives in all economies to innovate and conserve more of these resources. However, economies have also responded to increasing scarcity by obtaining and developing more of these resources. Since the agricultural transition over 12,000 years ago, this exploitation of new 'frontiers' has often proved to be a pivotal human response to natural resource scarcity. This book provides a fascinating account of the contribution that natural resource exploitation has made to economic development in key eras of world history. This not only fills an important gap in the literature on economic history but also shows how we can draw lessons from these past epochs for attaining sustainable economic development in the world today.

World history --- Agriculture --- Natural resources. --- Scarcity. --- Economic development. --- Economic aspects --- History. --- -Natural resources --- Scarcity --- Economic development --- AA / International- internationaal --- 331.100 --- 331.11 --- 338.013 --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Deficiency --- Shortages --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- -History --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Geschiedenis van de landbouw. --- Belang, verdeling en beleid van de natuurlijke rijkdommen. Grondstoffen. --- Economic aspects&delete& --- History --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Geschiedenis van de landbouw --- Belang, verdeling en beleid van de natuurlijke rijkdommen. Grondstoffen --- Business, Economy and Management

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Handbook of Natural Resource and Energy

National wealth --- Relation between energy and economics --- Conservation of natural resources --- Energy industries --- Environmental protection --- Natural resources --- Power resources --- Conservation des ressources naturelles --- Industries énergétiques --- Environnement --- Ressources naturelles --- Ressources énergétiques --- Protection --- 338.012 --- 338.013 --- 338.753.0 --- 351.2 --- 355 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Energy --- Energy resources --- Power supply --- Energy harvesting --- National resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Industries --- Conservation of resources --- Natural resources conservation --- Resources conservation, Natural --- Natural resources conservation areas --- Energie (productiefactor) --- Belang, verdeling en beleid van de natuurlijke rijkdommen. Grondstoffen --- Energie: algemeenheden --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling --- Milieu --- Economic aspects --- Conservation --- Energie (productiefactor). --- Conservation of natural resources. --- Energy industries. --- Environmental protection. --- Natural resources. --- Power resources. --- Industries énergétiques --- Ressources énergétiques --- E-books --- Gestion --- Aspects économiques

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This book makes two central claims: first, that mineral-rich states are cursed not by their wealth but, rather, by the ownership structure they choose to manage their mineral wealth and second, that weak institutions are not inevitable in mineral-rich states. Each represents a significant departure from the conventional resource curse literature, which has treated ownership structure as a constant across time and space and has presumed that mineral-rich countries are incapable of either building or sustaining strong institutions - particularly fiscal regimes. The experience of the five petroleum-rich Soviet successor states (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) provides a clear challenge to both of these assumptions. Their respective developmental trajectories since independence demonstrate not only that ownership structure can vary even across countries that share the same institutional legacy but also that this variation helps to explain the divergence in their subsequent fiscal regimes.

Relation between energy and economics --- Organization theory --- Russia --- Commonwealth of Independent States --- Petroleum industry and trade --- 338.013 --- 338.047 --- 338.731 --- CIS / Commonwealth Of Independant States - Gos - Cei --- Belang, verdeling en beleid van de natuurlijke rijkdommen. Grondstoffen --- Privé en openbare bedrijven. Openbare diensten. Gemengde economie --- Aardolie. Aardolieschok --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Petroleum industry and trade - Soviet Union --- Commonwealth of Independent States. --- CEI --- CIS --- Communauté des Etats indépendants --- Commonwealth States --- Comunità di Stati indipendenti --- Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten --- GUS (Commonwealth of Independent States) --- Ḥever ha-ʻAmim --- Ḥever ha-Medinot ha-ʻAtsmaʼiyot --- Itsenäisten valtioiden yhteisö --- IVY (Organization) --- Newly Independent States of the Former Soviet Union --- NIS --- SND --- SNG --- Sodruzhestvo nezavisimykh gosudarstv --- Spivdruz︠h︡nistʹ nezalez︠h︡nykh derz︠h︡av --- Strany Sodruzhestva --- Tongnip Kukka Yŏnhap --- Wspólnota Niepodległych Państw --- ZND --- Zajednica nezavisnih država --- Koinopoliteia Anexartētōn Kratōn

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Energy is the only universal currency; it is necessary for getting anything done. The conversion of energy on Earth ranges from terra-forming forces of plate tectonics to cumulative erosive effects of raindrops. Life on Earth depends on the photosynthetic conversion of solar energy into plant biomass. Humans have come to rely on many more energy flows -- ranging from fossil fuels to photovoltaic generation of electricity -- for their civilized existence. In this monumental history, Vaclav Smil provides a comprehensive account of how energy has shaped society, from pre-agricultural foraging societies through today's fossil fuel--driven civilization. Humans are the only species that can systematically harness energies outside their bodies, using the power of their intellect and an enormous variety of artifacts -- from the simplest tools to internal combustion engines and nuclear reactors. The epochal transition to fossil fuels affected everything: agriculture, industry, transportation, weapons, communication, economics, urbanization, quality of life, politics, and the environment. Smil describes humanity's energy eras in panoramic and interdisciplinary fashion, offering readers a magisterial overview. This book is an extensively updated and expanded version of Smil's Energy in World History (1994). Smil has incorporated an enormous amount of new material, reflecting the dramatic developments in energy studies over the last two decades and his own research over that time.

Power resources --- Technology and civilization. --- Energy consumption --- #SBIB:93H3 --- #SBIB:39A4 --- Consumption of energy --- Energy efficiency --- Fuel consumption --- Fuel efficiency --- Energy conservation --- Civilization and machinery --- Civilization and technology --- Machinery and civilization --- Civilization --- Social history --- Technology --- Energy --- Energy resources --- Power supply --- Natural resources --- Energy harvesting --- Energy industries --- History. --- Social aspects. --- Thematische geschiedenis --- Toegepaste antropologie --- Philosophy --- Technology and civilization --- 331.12 --- 338.013 --- History --- Social aspects --- Geschiedenis van de industrie --- Belang, verdeling en beleid van de natuurlijke rijkdommen. Grondstoffen --- World history --- ENVIRONMENT/Energy --- ENVIRONMENT/General --- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/History of Technology --- energy policy --- history --- impact study --- social impact --- fossil fuel --- farming system --- систем на земјоделско производство --- orientamento produttivo agricolo --- sistemi i aktivitetit fermer --- systém hospodaření --- systém hospodárenia --- maataloustuotantojärjestelmä --- система на земеделските предприятия --- sistema de exploração agrícola --- sustav poljoprivrednoga gospodarenja --- système d'exploitation agricole --- sistem de exploatare agricolă --- gazdálkodási rendszer --- sistema agrikola --- landbouwbedrijfssysteem --- ustrój rolny --- ūkininkavimo sistema --- sistem kmetovanja --- landwirtschaftliches Betriebssystem --- систем пољопривредне производње --- põllumajandustootmine --- σύστημα γεωργικής εκμετάλλευσης --- lauksaimniecības sistēma --- sistema de explotación agraria --- landbrugsdriftssystem --- indirizzo produttivo dell'azienda agricola --- систем на добра земјоделска практика --- landwirtschaftliches Bewirtschaftungssystem --- земјоделски информативен систем --- систем на органско земјоделско производство --- systém obhospodařování --- земјоделски систем --- degizraktenis --- фосилно гориво --- fjuwil fossili --- fosilní palivo --- fosílne palivo --- iškastinis kuras --- fossiilinen polttoaine --- combustibile fossile --- fossiele brandstof --- fossiilkütus --- fosilno gorivo --- combustibil fosil --- fossilt bränsle --- combustible fósil --- breosla iontaise --- fossiler Brennstoff --- paliwo kopalne --- изкопаемо гориво --- fosszilis tüzelőanyag --- karburant fosil --- ορυκτά καύσιμα --- fossilt brændsel --- combustible fossile --- combustível fóssil --- οργανικά καύσιμα --- ürgkütus --- karburant fossili --- soziale Auswirkungen --- impatto sociale --- társadalmi hatás --- ndikim social --- socialinis poveikis --- sociální dopad --- impact social --- sociálny dosah --- κοινωνικός αντίκτυπος --- impacto social --- sotsiaalne mõju --- impatt soċjali --- socialni učinki --- social indvirkning --- sociaal effect --- општествено влијание --- sociālā ietekme --- sosiaalinen vaikutus --- друштвени утицај --- wpływ społeczny --- социално въздействие --- sociala konsekvenser --- društveni učinak --- sociala följder --- sociala effekter --- gesellschaftliche Auswirkungen --- въздействие върху обществото --- društveno djelovanje --- impact societal --- oddziaływanie społeczne --- maatschappelijk effect --- обществено въздействие --- spoločenský dosah --- družbeni vpliv --- impatt fuq is-soċjetà --- αντίκτυπος στην κοινωνία --- repercusión social --- impact sociétal --- општествено дејствување --- společenský dopad --- ühiskondlik mõju --- општествени последици --- utjecaj na društvo --- incidenza sociale --- samfundsmæssig indvirkning --- yhteiskunnallinen vaikutus --- societal impact --- impacto societal --- samhällseffekter --- poveikis visuomenei --- mõju uuring --- hatástanulmány --- analýza dosahu --- Wirkungsstudie --- студија утицаја --- vaikuttavuustutkimus --- impactonderzoek --- изследване на влияние --- ietekmes izpēte --- studio d'impatto --- poveikio tyrimas --- étude d'impact --- студија за влијание --- analýza dopadu --- studim mbi ndikimin --- studija o utjecaju --- analiza wpływu --- konsekvensundersøgelse --- konsekvent-undersökning --- studju tal-impatt --- študija učinkov --- μελέτη επιπτώσεων --- estudio de impacto --- studiu de impact --- estudo de impacto --- konsekvensberegning --- zjišťování účinnosti --- studija o učinku --- konsekvensvurdering --- studie dopadu --- studio d'impatto economico --- impaktstudie --- studie vlivu --- konsekvensundersökning --- оценка на влијанието --- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung --- História --- ιστορία --- storja --- histori --- historie --- historia --- história --- история --- stair --- geschiedenis --- történettudomány --- povijest --- zgodovina --- histoire --- историја --- Geschichtswissenschaft --- storia --- istorija --- ajalugu --- vēsture --- istorie --- Geschichte --- historiografie --- storiografia --- dějiny národů --- historiador --- dějepis --- historická věda --- történelem --- energetická politika --- energetikos politika --- politique énergétique --- energetska politika --- energiapoliitika --- energiapolitiikka --- енергийна политика --- politika tal-enerġija --- ενεργειακή πολιτική --- política energética --- Energiepolitik --- politica energetica --- energiebeleid --- energiapolitika --- energipolitik --- enerģētikas politika --- politică energetică --- politikë energjetike --- енергетска политика --- polityka energetyczna --- strategia energetica --- obiettivo energetico --- политика за енергетика --- politica energetica nazionale --- мерки за енергетска ефикасност --- atomprogram --- opzione energetica --- atompolitik --- politica dell'energia --- piano energetico --- енергетска стратегија --- sviluppo energetico --- córas feirmeoireachta --- tionchar sóisialta --- staidéar tionchair --- beartas fuinnimh