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A selection of essays on symbola, as the tokens of Classical Athens were called, bringing together scholars of various disciplines and professional categories (numismatists, historians, museum curators) that intends to reshape our knowledge on the roles these objects played in the Athenian Democracy. This is a series of case studies which aspires to test old theories and probe new assumptions. The first section explores the extent to which our knowledge has evolved since symbola were first distinguished from coins. Four essays demonstrate how tokens, as material manifestations of particular institutions, contributed to the formation of civic and political identity in the city-state of Athens and the roles they played in ensuring legal and political equality. The second section of the volume on new finds aims to develop expertise in studying tokens and increase relevant knowledge. Finally, a third section contains comparative studies from Sicily, Jerusalem and Ephesos, aiming to adopt a comparative methodology for a better understanding of the characteristics and roles of tokens from across the ancient Mediterranean.
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Dans le cadre d'une étude des relations de l'Inde avec les pays étrangers, le présent volume réunit deux articles consacrés aux échanges de biens et d'idées entre l'Inde et l'Empire romain. Le premier est consacré aux échanges de l'Inde et de Rome aux premiers siècles de l'ère chrétienne, les communications entre ces deux grands foyers de civilisation étant bien attestées par les textes grecs et latins et confirmées par les textes indiens et par les découvertes archéologiques. Le second s'intéresse à un texte attestant d'une connaissance approfondie de la philosophie brahmanique dans l'Antiquité classique: un exposé grec de cette philosophie rédigé au IIIe siècle, l'Elenchos, est ici traduit en français, commenté et interprété à la lumière des Upaniṣad. The present volume in French assembles, in the context of the study of relations between India and other countries, two articles devoted to the exchanges of materials and ideas between India and the Roman Empire. The first article studies the exchanges between India and Rome at the beginning of the Christian era. The contacts between these two great seats of civilization are well supported by Greek and Latin as well as Indian texts, as also archaeological discoveries. The second article presents a text that attests to a profound knowledge of Brahminical philosophy in the period of Classical Antiquity: the Elenchos, a Greek treatise expounding Brahmanical philosophy that was composed in the 3rd century A.D. It is translated here into French as well as commented upon and interpreted in the light of the Upaniṣads.
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The study examines the friezes of the Heroon of Trysa in context of Lycian culture and society and interprets the selection of the picture themes. In a very exceptional way the friezes visualize Greek, Lycian and Persian subjects and contents which characterize the world of the Lycians and meet the requirements of the tomb owner. The first part of the publication includes an introduction, the status of research, typological and iconographical analysis of the friezes, chapters on the style, the interpretation of the Heroon, and a catalogue, including description and technical information on the friezes and bibliographical abbrevations.The first part of the 2-volume publication includes an introduction, the status of research, typological and iconographical analysis of the friezes, chapters on the style, the interpretation of the Heroon, and a catalogue, including description and technical information on the friezes, and bibliographical abbreviations.http://e-book.fwf.ac.at/o:874The second part includes images, supplements, tables, lists of images http://e-book.fwf.ac.at/o:875
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The final and comprehensive publication of the archaeological results of excavations by the Austrian Archaeological Institute at the site of Ezbet Rushdi (area "R/I") within the broader archaeological region of Tell el-Daba in the eastern Nil-delta. A Temple and a settlement site were investigated, both of Middle Kingdom origin.
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"In this magisterial book, William St Clair unfolds the history of the Parthenon throughout the modern era to the present day, with special emphasis on the period before, during, and after the Greek War of Independence of 1821 32. Focusing particularly on the question of who saved the Parthenon from destruction during this conflict, with the help of documents that shed a new light on this enduring question, he explores the contributions made by the Philhellenes, Ancient Athenians, Ottomans and the Great Powers. Marshalling a vast amount of primary evidence, much of it previously unexamined and published here for the first time, St Clair rigorously explores the multiple ways in which the Parthenon has served both as a cultural icon onto which meanings are projected and as a symbol of particular national, religious and racial identities, as well as how it illuminates larger questions about the uses of built heritage. This book has a companion volume with the classical Parthenon as its main focus, which offers new ways of recovering the monument and its meanings in ancient times." -- Publisher's description.
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This book presents a group of small and inconspicuous barrows that were recently discovered in the forest of Apeldoorn, the Netherlands. They are part of an extensive barrow landscape of which little was yet known. Fieldwork carried out in and around them yielded a wealth of new data. It was discovered that even the most inconspicuous and heavily damaged mound of this group still contained many special features. This special place was anchored around a site that probably had a particular significance in the Late Neolithic, and where special rituals were carried out during the Bronze Age, resulting in the construction of an enigmatic row of pits? rituals the likes of which have not previously been attested around barrows in the Netherlands, but which are known elsewhere in Europe. The dead were buried at locations that were probably only later covered by monuments. During the Bronze Age (between the 18th and 15th centuries BC) the mounds of this small barrow group were used as collective graves for what was probably perceived as one specific? community of ancestors?.
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This title uses the extraordinary archaeology of prehistoric Europe to explore questions about the origins and evolution of human society. The author takes readers on a guided tour through dozens of the most important prehistoric sites on the continent.
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