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This is an English translation of the key mathematical and philosophical works of Bernard Bolzano (1781-1848).

Mathematics. --- Math --- Science --- Bolzano, Bernard, --- Bolzano, Bernardus Placidus Johann Nepomuk

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This book offers the first comprehensive history of the order of Tiron. As a unique survey of the Tironensian experience it sheds new light on traditional assumptions of twelfth-century monastic history. Previous sketches have been shaped by the life of the founder, the Vita Bernardi, which depicts the forests of western France teeming with holy men, and that self-image of hermit preachers in the wilderness has been deeply influential in the historiography of twelfth-century reform. Drawing from the latest advances in the understanding of hagiography and institutional memory, Thompson reinterprets key sources to offer a valuable contribution to the history of monasticism. She outlines the rapid dissemination of the Tironensian approach in the first thirty years of its existence, its network of contacts with the lay elite and the impact on the Tironensians of the successes of the Cistercians and Mendicants.

Tironensians. --- Tironensians --- Ordensreform. --- Benediktiner. --- Tyronensians --- Order of Tiron --- Grey Monks --- Benedictines --- Tiron --- Bernardus ab. Tironiensis

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The Cosmographia is one of the most inventive and enigmatic works of medieval literature. Mark Kauntze argues that this allegory of creation is best understood as a product of the vibrant intellectual culture of twelfth-century France. Bernard Silvestris established the authority of his treatise by imitating those ancient philosophers and poets who were assiduously studied in the contemporary schools. But he also revised and updated them, to develop a compelling intervention into twelfth-century debates about man's place in nature and the relationship between theology and natural science. Using a wealth of manuscript evidence, Kauntze reconstructs the school context in which Bernard worked, and shows how the Cosmographia itself became an object of scholarly annotation and imitation in the later Middle Ages.

Bernardus Silvestris --- Literature, Medieval --- Didactic poetry, Latin (Medieval and modern) --- Cosmology, Medieval --- Littérature médiévale --- Poésie didactique latine médiévale et moderne --- Cosmologie médiévale --- History and criticism. --- History and criticism --- Poetry. --- Histoire et critique --- Histoire et critiuqe --- Poésie --- Bernard Silvestris, --- Tours (France) --- Intellectual life --- Vie intellectuelle --- Littérature médiévale --- Poésie didactique latine médiévale et moderne --- Cosmologie médiévale --- Poésie --- Medieval cosmology --- Latin didactic poetry, Medieval and modern --- Latin poetry, Medieval and modern --- Bernard, --- Bernardo Silvestre, --- Bernardus Silvestris, --- Bernardus Sylvester, --- Silvester, Bernard, --- Silvestre, Bernardo, --- Silvestris, Bernardus, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Turonum (France) --- Augusta Turonum (France) --- Caesarodunum (France) --- Caesarodunum Turonum (France) --- Martinopolis (France) --- Thoronus (France) --- Thuro (France) --- Thuronum (France) --- Torenorum Civitas (France) --- Toronus (France) --- Turenorum Civitas (France) --- Turonensium Civitas (France) --- Turones (France) --- Turonia (France) --- Turonica Civitas (France) --- Turonium (France) --- Turonorum Civitas (France) --- Civitas Turonum (France) --- Ville de Tours (France) --- Tours (Indre-et-Loire, France) --- Intellectual life. --- Medieval Latin literature

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Religion in literature. --- Chaucer, Geoffrey, --- Bernard, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Religion in drama --- Religion in poetry --- Bernard de Clairvaux, --- Bernardo, --- Bernardus, --- Bernhard, --- Bernhardus, --- Clairvaux, Bernard of, --- Chaucer, Jeffrey, --- Chʻiao-sou, Chieh-fu-lei, --- Chieh-fu-lei Chʻiao-sou, --- Choser, Dzheffri, --- Choser, Zheoffreĭ, --- Cosvr, Jvoffrvi, --- Tishūsar, Zhiyūfrī,

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This book offers a detailed study of the truth-bearers problem, that is, the question of which category of items the predicates ‘true’ and ‘false’ are predicated. The book has two dimensions: historical and systematic. Both focus around Tarski’s semantic theory of truth. The author locates Tarski’s ideas in a broad context of Austrian philosophy, in particular, Brentano’s tradition. However, Bolzano and phenomenology (Husserl and Reinach) are also taken into account. The historical perspective is completed by showing how Tarski was rooted in Polish philosophical tradition originated with Twardowski and his version of Brentanism. The historical considerations are the basis for showing how the idea of truth-bearers as acts of judging was transformed into the theory of truth-bearers as sentences. In particular, the author analyses the way to nominalism in Polish philosophy, culminating in Lesniewski, Kotarbinski and Tarski. This book is indispensable for everybody interested in the evolution of Austrian philosophy from descriptive psychology to semantics. It is also a fundamental contribution toward a deeper understanding of the philosophical background of Tarski’s theory of truth.

Truth. --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Ontology. --- Bolzano, Bernard, --- Tarski, Alfred. --- Brentano, Franz Clemens, --- Twardowski, Kazimierz, --- Tarski, Alfred, --- Being --- Philosophy --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy) --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Psychology --- Conviction --- Belief and doubt --- Skepticism --- Certainty --- Pragmatism --- Tvardovskiĭ, K. --- Tvardovskiĭ, Kazimezh, --- Twardowski, Kasimir, --- Tarski, A. --- Teitelbaum, Alfred, --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Ontology --- Truth --- Brentano, Franz, --- Philosophy (General). --- Genetic epistemology. --- Linguistics --- Philosophy, general. --- Epistemology. --- Philosophy of Language. --- Philosophy. --- Developmental psychology --- Language and languages—Philosophy. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Brentano, Franz Clemens Honoratius Hermann, --- Bolzano, Bernardus Placidus Johann Nepomuk --- Tvardovsʹkyĭ, Kazymyr, --- Твардовський, Казимир, --- Brentano, Franz