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The notion of a superior ‘Germanic’ or ‘Nordic’ race was a central theme in the ideology of the Nazis. But it was also a commonly accepted idea in the early twentieth century, and an actual scientific concept originating from anthropological research on the physical characteristics of Europeans. The Scandinavian Peninsula was considered to be the historical cradle and the core area of this ‘master race’. This book investigates the role played by Scandinavian scholars in inventing this so-called superior race, and discusses how this concept put its stamp on Norwegian physical anthropology, prehistory, national identity, and on the Norwegian eugenics movement. It also explores the decline and scientific disputation of these ideas in the 1930s as they came to be associated with the ‘genetic cleansing’ of Nazi Germany. This is the first comprehensive study on Norwegian physical anthropology, and its findings shed new light on current political and scientific debates about race across the globe.

Physical anthropology --- Anthropometry --- Craniometry --- History. --- Skull --- Skeletal remains --- Biological anthropology --- Somatology --- Measurement --- Cephalometry --- Craniology --- Body size --- Anthropology --- Human biology --- Nazi ideology --- anthropology --- scientific discourse --- eugenics

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Georges Vigarello maps the evolution of Western ideas about fat and fat people from the Middle Ages to the present, paying particular attention to the role of science, fashion, fitness crazes, and public health campaigns in shaping these views. While hefty bodies were once a sign of power, today those who struggle to lose weight are considered poor in character and weak in mind. Vigarello traces the eventual equation of fatness with infirmity and the way we have come to define ourselves and others in terms of body type. Vigarello begins with the medieval artists and intellectuals who treated heavy bodies as symbols of force and prosperity. He then follows the shift during the Renaissance and early modern period to courtly, medical, and religious codes that increasingly favored moderation and discouraged excess. Scientific advances in the eighteenth century also brought greater knowledge of food and the body's processes, recasting fatness as the "relaxed" antithesis of health. The body-as-mechanism metaphor intensified in the early nineteenth century, with the chemistry revolution and heightened attention to food-as-fuel, which turned the body into a kind of furnace or engine. During this period, social attitudes toward fat became conflicted, with the bourgeois male belly operating as a sign of prestige but also as a symbol of greed and exploitation, while the overweight female was admired only if she was working class. Vigarello concludes with the fitness and body-conscious movements of the twentieth century and the proliferation of personal confessions about obesity, which tied fat more closely to notions of personality, politics, taste, and class.

Body weight --- Obesity --- Adiposity --- Corpulence --- Fatness --- Overweight --- Metabolism --- Nutrition disorders --- Anthropometry --- Body size --- Weights and measures --- Body composition --- Weight gain --- Weight loss --- Social aspects --- History. --- Disorders

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Body weight --- Obesity in soldiers --- Anthropometry --- Body size --- Weights and measures --- Body composition --- Weight gain --- Weight loss --- Health aspects --- Soldiers. --- Medicine, Military. --- Nutrition. --- Weight loss. --- Soldiers --- Physical fitness. --- Obesity --- Health and hygiene. --- Prevention. --- United States.

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This edition has been revised to bring fresh insights into the principles and practice of anthropometrics, workspace design, sitting and seating, hands and handles, ergonomics in the office, ergonomics in the home, and health and safety at work.

Human engineering. --- Anthropometry. --- Engineering design. --- Design, Engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Skeletal remains --- Physical anthropology --- Body size --- Ergonomics --- Human factors in engineering design --- Bioengineering --- Environmental engineering --- Industrial engineering --- Human comfort --- Human-robot interaction --- Design --- Proportion --- Anthropométrie --- Ergonomie --- Dimensionnement

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No detailed description available for "Physical Anthropology of European Populations".

Anthropometry --- Human population genetics --- Prehistoric peoples --- Cavemen (Prehistoric peoples) --- Early man --- Man, Prehistoric --- Prehistoric archaeology --- Prehistoric human beings --- Prehistoric humans --- Prehistory --- Human beings --- Antiquities, Prehistoric --- Human genetics --- Population genetics --- Skeletal remains --- Physical anthropology --- Body size --- Europe --- Antiquities --- Primitive societies