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Immanuel Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals is one of the most important texts in the history of ethics. In it Kant searches for the supreme principle of morality and argues for a conception of the moral life that has made this work a continuing source of controversy and an object of reinterpretation for over two centuries. This new edition of Kant's work provides a fresh translation that is uniquely faithful to the German original and more fully annotated than any previous translation. There are also four essays by well-known scholars that discuss Kant's views and the philosophical issues raised by the Groundwork. J.B. Schneewind defends the continuing interest in Kantian ethics by examining its historical relation both to the ethical thought that preceded it and to its influence on the ethical theories that came after it; Marcia Baron sheds light on Kant's famous views about moral motivation; and Shelly Kagan and Allen W. Wood advocate contrasting interpretations of Kantian ethics and its practical implications.
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Benjamin Patrick Newton's translation of Cicero's On Duties is the most complete edition of a text that has been considered a source of moral authority throughout classical, medieval, and modern times. Marcus Tullius Cicero was a preeminent Roman statesman, orator, and philosopher who introduced philosophy into Rome, and through Rome, into Christendom and the modern world. On Duties was championed by important thinkers including Thomas Aquinas, Montesquieu, and Voltaire, and it was one of the earliest books printed on the Gutenberg press.The true significance of On Duties lies in its examination of several fundamental problems of political philosophy, the most important being the possible conflict between the honorable and the useful. The honorable encompasses the virtues of human beings, which include justice and concern for the common good. The useful refers to the needs of living beings, which includes certain necessities and concern for private good. Only by understanding the possible conflict between these two sides of human nature, Cicero declares, may we understand our duties to our community and to ourselves. This new edition of On Duties aims to provide readers who cannot read Latin but wish to study the book with a literal yet elegant translation. It features an introduction, outline, footnotes, interpretative essay, glossary, and indexes, making Cicero's thought accessible to a general audience.
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Qu'est-ce que la morale ? Les philosophes ont depuis longtemps reconnu sa double nature : à la fois recherche du bien vivre et ensemble de règles et d'injonctions. Paradoxale, la morale n'a de sens que pour un sujet libre, mais en appelle à des règles pour contraindre son désir. L'histoire de la réflexion morale s'est donc attelée à examiner cette tension de la vie normative, afin de la fonder rationnellement. Aujourd'hui, la morale est partout. Pourquoi un tel retour dans les interrogations contemporaines ? D'un côté, les sciences expérimentales affirment que le primate que nous sommes est doté d'un sens moral spontané, mais il reste à comprendre en quoi il s'articule à la diversité des cultures humaines. De l'autre, l'affirmation des libertés individuelles et la recherche du profit ont ouvert des espaces d'incertitude qui en appellent à de nouvelles règles de justice, de respect d'autrui et de soi-même. Mais comment s'imposeraient-elles et par qui le seraient-elles ? Cet ouvrage de synthèse présente les idées et débats qui, d'hier à aujourd'hui, fondent la réflexion des spécialistes de toutes disciplines sur les questions de morale et d'éthique : D'où vient l'altruisme ? Est-il naturel ? Pourquoi a-t-on besoin de principes et de règles ? Peut-on - et faut-il - moraliser l'économie, la politique et plus généralement nos mœurs ? Comment la philosophie, à travers les grands auteurs, et les sciences humaines peuvent-elles nous éclairer sur les questions d'éthique ?
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In addition to 'thin' concepts like the good, the bad and the ugly, our evaluative thought and talk appeals to 'thick' concepts like the lewd and the rude, the selfish and the cruel, the courageous and the kind - concepts that somehow combine evaluation and nonevaluative description. Thick terms and concepts are almost universally assumed to be inherently evaluative in meaning or content. And many philosophers have claimed them to have deep and distinctive significance for many general issues in moral philosophy, including the distinction between 'facts' and 'values', objectivity in ethics, the possibility of moral theory in traditional style and more. This book argues that all of this is mistaken.
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Etudie la "Métaphysique des moeurs" au regard de la pensée morale de Kant et explique ses innovations. Reconstruit le concept kantien de communauté et montre qu'il s'articule dans le droit comme dans l'éthique et que la liberté sans lois rend tout corps commun impossible.
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Esta obra, cujos textos se fundamentam em diferentes autores, aborda temáticas que procuram indicar a importância de um despertar do tempo presente, considerando a conjugação de outros tempos e a vivência de experiências coletivas que tenham significado à vida humana. É, dessa forma, de acordo com a ideia geral do livro, que a emergência de um cuidado de si poderá florescer. Conceitos como ética, política, poder, dignidade humana, educação, memória, contemporaneidade, formação humana, cuidado de si, biopoder, governamentalidade, entre outros, são problematizados e discutidos no livro. A diversidade dos conceitos refletidos faz parte da história do livro. As amplas discussões sobre formação humana e autogoverno foram sendo sistematizadas com o desenvolvimento do Projeto de Pesquisa "Políticas Educacionais e Autogoverno" e a partir dele. Trata-se de um projeto que se desenvolveu como fomento à linha de Pesquisa "Políticas Educacionais" do Mestrado em Educação da UFFS - Campus Chapecó, em parceria com o Grupo de Pesquisa "Educação, Filosofia e Sociedade (GPEFS)", e com apoio da FAPESC.
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