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Virtually all aspects of human behavior show enormous variation both within and between cultural groups, including material culture, social organization and language. Thousands of distinct cultural groups exist: about 6,000 languages are spoken today, and it is thought that a far greater number of languages existed in the past but became extinct. Using a Darwinian approach, this book seeks to explain this rich cultural variation. There are a number of theoretical reasons to believe that cultural diversification might be tree-like, that is phylogenetic: material and non-material culture is
Phylogeny -- Congresses. --- Social evolution -- Congresses.
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Primates --- Social evolution --- Behavior evolution --- Human behavior --- Animal models in research --- Behavior --- Congresses --- Evolution --- Behavior. --- Behavior, Animal. --- Biological Evolution. --- Primates. --- Primate --- Evolution, Biological --- Sociobiology --- Animal Behavior --- Animal Behaviors --- Behaviors, Animal --- Ethology --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- Congresses. --- Animal experimentation --- Biological models --- Laboratory animals --- Research --- Behavioral evolution --- Evolutionary psychology --- Quadrumana --- Mammals --- Primates - Behavior - Congresses --- Primates - Evolution - Congresses --- Social evolution - Congresses --- Behavior evolution - Congresses --- Human behavior - Congresses --- Animal models in research - Congresses --- Hominidés --- Éthologie humaine --- Moeurs et comportement --- Moeurs et comportememt
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This volume is the second of two volumes of proceedings from the International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans, which took place in Tokyo in November 2012. This second volume reports, in four major sections, findings by cultural anthropologists, physical anthropologists, engineering scientists and neurophysiologists, integrated in multidisciplinary fashion to solidify the overall understanding of the mechanics of replacement from cognitive and physical perspectives. Part 1 provides examinations of replacement related questions from various perspectives in cognition and psychology. Part 2, consisting of studies rooted in body science and genetics, provides detailed findings which fill in the broader frame of the replacement phenomenon. Part 3 presents a collection of papers whose findings about fossil crania and brain morphology shed direct light on immediate questions regarding replacement. Part 4 provides illuminations similar to those in part 3, but arising from the analytical empowerment afforded by neuroscience. The collection of 26 papers in this volume makes available to readers both broad and narrow insights on the mechanisms of the replacement/assimilation of Neanderthals by modern humans and at the same time provides a model of new-paradigm multidisciplinary collaboration on a complex problem.
Craniology -- Congresses. --- Human evolution -- Congresses. --- Learning ability -- Congresses. --- Neanderthals -- Congresses. --- Social evolution -- Congresses. --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Social Change --- Neanderthals --- Human evolution --- Learning ability --- Social evolution --- Craniology --- Homo mousteriensis --- Homo neanderthalensis --- Homo primogenicus --- Homo sapiens neanderthalensis --- Neandertalers --- Neandertals --- Neanderthal race --- Neanderthalers --- Social sciences. --- Culture --- Anthropology. --- Archaeology. --- Social Sciences. --- Regional and Cultural Studies. --- Study and teaching. --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Human beings --- Cultural studies --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Ability --- Learning, Psychology of --- Fossil hominids --- Physical anthropology --- Culture-Study and teaching. --- Culture—Study and teaching. --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences
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An Introduction to the Evolution of Single and Binary Stars provides physicists with an understanding of binary and single star evolution, beginning with a background and introduction of basic astronomical concepts. Although a general treatment of stellar structure and evolution is included, the text stresses the physical processes that lead to stellar mass compact object binaries that may be sources of observable gravitational radiation. Basic concepts of astronomy, stellar structure and atmospheres, single star evolution, binary systems and mass transfer, compact objects, and dynamical systems are covered in the text. Readers will understand the astrophysics behind the populations of compact object binary systems and have sufficient background to delve deeper into specific areas of interest. In addition, derivations of important concepts and worked examples are included. No previous knowledge of astronomy is assumed, although a familiarity with undergraduate quantum mechanics, classical mechanics, and thermodynamics is beneficial.
Stars -- Evolution -- Congresses. --- Stars -- Formation -- Congresses. --- Stars -- Formation. --- Stars --- Double stars --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astrophysics --- Evolution --- Formation --- Binaries (Stars) --- Binary stars --- Stars, Double --- Sidereal system --- Physics. --- Gravitation. --- Astrophysics. --- Cosmology. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Multiple stars --- Galaxies --- Circumstellar matter --- Evolution. --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Physics --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Relativity (Physics) --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Properties
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SYS General Systematics --- evolution --- general systematics --- microorganisms --- plants --- symposium proceedings --- variation --- Plants -- Evolution -- Congresses. --- Plants -- Variation -- Congresses. --- Plants --- Plant Ecology --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Evolution --- Variation --- Flora --- Plant kingdom --- Plantae --- Vascular plants --- Vegetable kingdom --- Vegetation --- Wildlife --- Organisms --- PLANTS --- MICROORGANISMS --- POPULATIONS --- POPULATION GENETICS --- EVOLUTION --- LIFE HISTORY --- CONFERENCES --- THEORY --- Population
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Exobiology -- Congresses. --- Microorganisms -- Evolution -- Congresses. --- Microorganisms -- Morphology -- Congresses. --- Micropaleontology -- Congresses. --- Genetic Processes --- Biology --- Biological Processes --- Biological Phenomena --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Genetic Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Phenomena and Processes --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Biological Evolution --- Exobiology --- Microbiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Microorganisms --- Micropaleontology --- Morphology --- Evolution --- Germs --- Micro-organisms --- Microbes --- Microscopic organisms --- Paleontology --- Organisms
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In human populations, biological, social, spatial, ecological and economic aspects of existence are inextricably linked, demanding a holistic approach to their study. Many undergraduate and postgraduate courses now emphasise the value of studying human populations using theoretical frameworks and methodologies from different traditional disciplines. Human Population Dynamics introduces such frameworks and methodologies whilst demonstrating how changes in human population structure can be addressed from several different academic perspectives. As such, the book contains contributions from world-renowned researchers in demography, social and biological anthropology, genetics, biology, sociology, ecology, history and human geography. In particular, the contributors emphasise the lability of many population structures and boundaries, as viewed from their area of expertise. This text is aimed at undergraduate students, graduates and academic researchers from any academic discipline which considers human populations.
Population --- Sociobiology --- Social evolution --- Demography --- 314.17 --- -Social evolution --- -Sociobiology --- -Biologism --- Human biology --- Human evolution --- Psychology, Comparative --- Cultural evolution --- Cultural transformation --- Culture, Evolution of --- Culture --- Evolution --- Social change --- Historical demography --- Social sciences --- Vital statistics --- Demografische ontwikkelingsfactoren --- Congresses --- Social aspects --- Demography. --- Population. --- Social evolution. --- Sociobiology. --- Business & Economics --- Life Sciences --- General and Others --- -Demografische ontwikkelingsfactoren --- 314.17 Demografische ontwikkelingsfactoren --- -314.17 Demografische ontwikkelingsfactoren --- Biologism --- Population - Congresses --- Sociobiology - Congresses --- Social evolution - Congresses --- Demography - Congresses
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Leaders in cognitive psychology, comparative biology, and neuroscience discuss patterns of convergence and divergence seen in studies of human and nonhuman primate brains.The extraordinary overlap between human and chimpanzee genomes does not result in an equal overlap between human and chimpanzee thoughts, sensations, perceptions, and emotions; there are considerable similarities but also considerable differences between human and nonhuman primate brains. From Monkey Brain to Human Brain uses the latest findings in cognitive psychology, comparative biology, and neuroscience to look at the complex patterns of convergence and divergence in primate cortical organization and function.Several chapters examine the use of modern technologies to study primate brains, analyzing the potentials and the limitations of neuroimaging as well as genetic and computational approaches. These methods, which can be applied identically across different species of primates, help to highlight the paradox of nonlinear primate evolution--the fact that major changes in brain size and functional complexity resulted from small changes in the genome. Other chapters identify plausible analogs or homologs in nonhuman primates for such human cognitive functions as arithmetic, reading, theory of mind, and altruism; examine the role of parietofrontal circuits in the production and comprehension of actions; analyze the contributions of the prefrontal and cingulate cortices to cognitive control; and explore to what extent visual recognition and visual attention are related in humans and other primates.The Fyssen Foundation is dedicated to encouraging scientific inquiry into the cognitive mechanisms that underlie animal and human behavior and has long sponsored symposia on topics of central importance to the cognitive sciences.
Brain --- Comparative neurobiology --- Primates --- Cerveau --- Neurobiologie comparée --- Evolution --- Congresses --- Congresses. --- Physiology --- Congrès --- Physiologie --- Brain -- Evolution -- Congresses. --- Comparative neurobiology -- Congresses. --- Primates -- Physiology -- Congresses. --- Biological Processes --- Mammals --- Genetic Processes --- Central Nervous System --- Genetic Phenomena --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Vertebrates --- Nervous System --- Biological Phenomena --- Anatomy --- Phenomena and Processes --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Chordata --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Animals --- Eukaryota --- Organisms --- Physiology, Comparative --- Biological Evolution --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neuroscience --- 159.91 --- Psychofysiologie. Neuropsychologie. Psychomotoriek. Psychomotorische therapie --- Conferences - Meetings --- 159.91 Psychofysiologie. Neuropsychologie. Psychomotoriek. Psychomotorische therapie --- Neurobiologie comparée --- Congrès --- Quadrumana --- Comparative neurology --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Neurobiology --- Central nervous system --- Head --- NEUROSCIENCE/General
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Primate locomotion has typically been studied from two points of view. Laboratory-based researchers have focused on aspects like biomechanics and energetics, whereas field-based researchers have focused on (locomotor) behaviour and ecology. Primate Locomotion: Linking Field and Laboratory Research brings together both aspects of primate locomotion studies. Communication between both groups is necessary to identify the specific needs and start up achievable and successful research projects in the field. This volume brings together biomechanists, ecologists, and field-based researchers, who combine both disciplines, and whose contributions facilitate lasting cooperation between the mentioned disciplines and stimulate innovative research in Primatology. The book will be valuable for primatologists, paleo-anthropologists, biomechanists and field biologists, as well as students. About the Editors: Dr. Kristiaan D’Aout is Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Dr. D’Aout is also Research Associate for the Locomorph Project and Coordinator of Biodynamics Research at the Centre for Research and Conservation at the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Belgium. Evie E. Vereecke is part of the Primate Evolution and Morphology Group, School for Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK; and Laboratory for Functional Morphology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
Primates -- Behavior -- Congresses. --- Primates -- Evolution -- Congresses. --- Primates -- Locomotion -- Congresses. --- Primates -- Locomotion. --- Primates --- Bipedalism --- Movement --- Mammals --- Physical Examination --- Physiological Processes --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Vertebrates --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Processes --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena --- Physiological Phenomena --- Diagnosis --- Chordata --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Animals --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Eukaryota --- Locomotion --- Gait --- Organisms --- Biology --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Evolution --- Locomotion. --- Quadrumana --- Life sciences. --- Developmental biology. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Animal anatomy. --- Animal physiology. --- Anthropology. --- Life Sciences. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Animal Anatomy / Morphology / Histology. --- Animal Physiology. --- Developmental Biology. --- Human beings --- Animal physiology --- Anatomy --- Animal anatomy --- Physiology --- Animal evolution --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Development (Biology) --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Evolution (Biology). --- Morphology (Animals). --- Animal morphology --- Body form in animals --- Morphology --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences
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The annual Evolutionary Biology Meetings in Marseilles serve to gather leading scientists, promote the exchange of ideas and encourage the formation of international collaborations. This book contains the most essential contributions presented at the 14th Evolutionary Biology Meeting, which took place in September 2010. It comprises 19 chapters organized according to the following categories: · Evolutionary Biology Concepts · Biodiversity and Evolution · Macroevolution · Genome Evolution Offering an up-to-date overview of recent results in the field of evolutionary biology, this book is an invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students.
Evolution (Biology) -- Congresses. --- Exobiology -- Congresses. --- Life -- Origin -- Congresses. --- Molecular evolution -- Congresses. --- Evolution (Biology) --- Macroevolution --- Molecular evolution --- Ecosystem --- Genetic Processes --- Biological Processes --- Genetic Phenomena --- Environment --- Biological Phenomena --- Environment and Public Health --- Phenomena and Processes --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena --- Health Care --- Biological Evolution --- Biodiversity --- Evolution, Molecular --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Evolution --- Developmental biology. --- Biodiversity. --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Development (Biology) --- Life sciences. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Plant genetics. --- Animal genetics. --- Life Sciences. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Animal Genetics and Genomics. --- Developmental Biology. --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny
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