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Health Occupations --- History, Modern 1601 --- -History --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Humanities --- History, 18th Century --- History of Medicine --- Pharmacy --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medicine --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Medicine, History --- 18th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 18th Cent. History of Medicine --- 18th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 18th Century --- History of Medicine, 18th Cent. --- History, Eighteenth Century --- Medical History, 18th Cent. --- Medicine, 18th Cent. --- 18th Century History --- 18th Century Histories --- Cent. History, 18th (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 18th --- Century Histories, 18th --- Century Histories, Eighteenth --- Century History, 18th --- Century History, Eighteenth --- Eighteenth Century Histories --- Eighteenth Century History --- Histories, 18th Century --- Histories, Eighteenth Century --- History, 18th Cent. (Medicine) --- Aspects, Historical --- Historical Aspects --- Aspect, Historical --- Historical Aspect --- Histories --- History of Medicine, Modern --- Medicine, Modern --- Modern History (Medicine) --- Modern Medicine --- History, Modern --- Modern History --- 1601- History, Modern --- History, Modern (Medicine) --- Modern 1601- History --- Health Professions --- Health Occupation --- Health Profession --- Occupation, Health --- Occupations, Health --- Profession, Health --- Professions, Health --- history --- Occupations --- History Medicines --- Medicine Histories --- Medicines, History

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This book explores the history of drug development and testing in the eighteenth-century Atlantic World, looking especially at whether slaves were exploited in human medical experiments at the time.--

Human experimentation in medicine --- Slaves --- Blacks --- Negroes --- Ethnology --- Enslaved persons --- Persons --- Slavery --- Experimentation on humans, Medical --- Medical experimentation on humans --- Medical ethics --- Medicine --- Medicine, Experimental --- Clinical trials --- History --- Health and hygiene --- Research --- Traditional medicine --- Tropical medicine --- Human Experimentation --- Medicine, Traditional --- African Continental Ancestry Group --- Enslavement --- History, 18th Century --- Tropical Medicine --- 18th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 18th Cent. History of Medicine --- 18th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 18th Century --- History of Medicine, 18th Cent. --- History, Eighteenth Century --- Medical History, 18th Cent. --- Medicine, 18th Cent. --- 18th Century History --- 18th Century Histories --- Cent. History, 18th (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 18th --- Century Histories, 18th --- Century Histories, Eighteenth --- Century History, 18th --- Century History, Eighteenth --- Eighteenth Century Histories --- Eighteenth Century History --- Histories, 18th Century --- Histories, Eighteenth Century --- History, 18th Cent. (Medicine) --- Negro --- Negroid Race --- Negroid Races --- Race, Negroid --- Races, Negroid --- Ethnic medicine --- Ethnomedicine --- Folk medicine --- Home cures --- Home medicine --- Home remedies --- Indigenous medicine --- Medical folklore --- Medicine, Primitive --- Primitive medicine --- Surgery, Primitive --- Alternative medicine --- Folklore --- Medical anthropology --- Ethnopharmacology --- Diseases, Tropical --- Hygiene, Tropical --- Public health, Tropical --- Sanitation, Tropical --- Tropical diseases --- Medical climatology --- history --- West Indies. --- Cayman Islands --- Montserrat --- Turks and Caicos Islands --- Caribbean Islands --- Black persons --- Black people --- Black Person --- Black Peoples --- Black Persons --- People, Black --- Person, Black --- Persons, Black --- West Indies --- Health and hygiene.

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Smallpox was for several centuries one of the most deadly, most contagious and most feared of diseases. Williamson's extraordinary study charts the history of one of the most controversial techniques in medical history that raises much debate to this day. Originating probably in Africa, smallpox progressed via the Middle and Near East, where it was studied around the end of the first millennium by Arab physicians. It arrived in Britain during the Elizabethan times and was well established by the seventeenth century. During the closing years of the 18th Century a most far reaching and ultimately controversial development took place when Edward Jenner developed an inoculation for Smallpox based on a culture from Cowpox. The Vaccination Controversy examines the astonishing speed at which Jenner's technique of 'vaccination' was taken up, culminating in the 'Compulsory Vaccination Act of 1853'. The Act made a painful and sometimes fatal medical practice for all children obligatory and as a result set an important precedent for governmental regulation of medical welfare. The Act remained in force until 1946 and was only ended after decades of intense pressure from the National Anti-vaccination League, but the issues raised by Williamson's accessible text remain current today in debates about vaccination programs. Meticulously researched, The Vaccination Controversy highlights the social, political and ethical consequences of compulsory vaccination and the massive repercussions that followed the ending of a policy through argued by many to be the most major medical resistance campaign in European medical history.

Smallpox Vaccine --- Disease Outbreaks --- History, 18th Century, --- History, 19th Century. --- Mass Vaccination. --- Mass Immunization --- Immunization, Mass --- Mass Immunizations --- Mass Vaccinations --- Vaccination, Mass --- Mass Drug Administration --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- 18th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 18th Cent. History of Medicine --- 18th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 18th Century --- History of Medicine, 18th Cent. --- History, Eighteenth Century --- Medical History, 18th Cent. --- Medicine, 18th Cent. --- 18th Century History --- 18th Century Histories --- Cent. History, 18th (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 18th --- Century Histories, 18th --- Century Histories, Eighteenth --- Century History, 18th --- Century History, Eighteenth --- Eighteenth Century Histories --- Eighteenth Century History --- Histories, 18th Century --- Histories, Eighteenth Century --- History, 18th Cent. (Medicine) --- history. --- United Kingdom. --- Great Britain --- Isle of Man --- Smallpox --- Vaccination --- History. --- Small pox --- Variola --- Varioloid --- Poxvirus diseases

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Consisting of a series of case studies, this book is devoted to the concept and uses of salt in early modern science, which have played a crucial role in the evolution of matter theory from Aristotelian concepts of the elements to Newtonian chymistry. No reliable study on this subject has been previously available. Its exploration of natural history’s and medicine’s intersection with chemical investigation in early modern England demonstrates the growing importance of the senses and experience as causes of intellectual change from 1650-1750. It demonstrates that an understanding of the changing definitions of “salt” is also crucial to a historical comprehension of the transition between alchemy and chemistry.

Sodium Chloride --- History, 17th Century --- History, 18th Century --- Science --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Sodium Chloride, (22)Na --- Sodium Chloride, (24)NaCl --- 18th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 18th Cent. History of Medicine --- 18th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 18th Century --- History of Medicine, 18th Cent. --- History, Eighteenth Century --- Medical History, 18th Cent. --- Medicine, 18th Cent. --- 18th Century History --- 18th Century Histories --- Cent. History, 18th (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 18th --- Century Histories, 18th --- Century Histories, Eighteenth --- Century History, 18th --- Century History, Eighteenth --- Eighteenth Century Histories --- Eighteenth Century History --- Histories, 18th Century --- Histories, Eighteenth Century --- History, 18th Cent. (Medicine) --- 17th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 17th Cent. History of Medicine --- 17th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 17th Century --- History of Medicine, 17th Cent. --- History, Seventeenth Century --- Medical History, 17th Cent. --- Medicine, 17th Cent. --- 17th Century History --- 17th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 17th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 17th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, Seventeenth --- Century History, 17th --- Century History, Seventeenth --- Histories, 17th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 17th Century --- Histories, Seventeenth Century --- History, 17th Cent. (Medicine) --- Seventeenth Century Histories --- Seventeenth Century History --- history --- chemistry --- therapeutic use --- Philosophy --- History --- Helmont, Jean Baptiste van, --- Paracelsus, --- Helmont, Johann Baptist van, --- Helmont, Joh. Bapt. Van --- Helmont, Joannes Baptista van, --- Helmont, Joan Baptista van, --- Helmont, Jan Baptist van, --- Helmont, Jan Baptista van, --- Helmont, Jan Baptiste van, --- Helmont, Ioannes Baptista van, --- Helmont, J. B. van, --- Helmond, Johannes, --- Van Helmont, Jan Baptiste, --- Van Helmont, Jean Baptiste, --- Van Helmont, Joannes Baptista, --- von Hohenheim, Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus --- von Hohenheim, Theophrast --- Influence. --- Medicine --- Salt --- Renaissance. --- Renaissance --- Revival of letters --- Civilization --- History, Modern --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilization, Modern --- Humanism --- Middle Ages --- Brine --- Halite --- Sodium chloride --- Table salt --- Chlorides --- Halide minerals --- Sodium salts --- Health Workforce --- History. --- Health aspects.

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"This book is about the stories our bodies tell, the stories we tell about our bodies and the ways that we integrate such stories into broader political narratives about citizenship and belonging. The stories under examination are those of the individuals who wrote letters describing their bodily sufferings to Swiss physician Samuel Auguste Tissot (1728-1797), the most famous doctor in Enlightenment Europe. Consultation by correspondence enabled individuals in far-flung places to maintain contact with leading physicians and was a mainstay of the eighteenth-century medical encounter. And it did something more: it gave individuals the opportunity to conceive their psychic and somatic sufferings in textual form. Through the process of writing letters describing their ailments, the authors of these letters created textual selves, articulating bodily autobiographies and identities shaped by bodily experience. The letters to Samuel Tissot are thus not only articulations of bodily suffering, but are articulations of bodily selves. Experienced within the social, cultural and political contexts of mid-eighteenth-century Europe, they tell us how individuals understood their bodily selves in relation to broader political discourses of belonging and citizenship. What people did with their bodies mattered in a political environment beset by concerns about depopulation, moral depravity, and corporeal excess, and organized around intricate rules of propriety. For many Enlightenment thinkers, the body functioned as a vital stage for the performance of virtue. Embodied virtue (ie. virtue enacted through bodily actions and behaviours), created the conditions of what Boon terms "corporeal citizenship."--Provided by publisher.

Physician and patient --- Patients' writings --- Sick --- Human body --- Citizenship --- Medicine --- Physician and Patient. --- Human Body. --- History, 18th Century. --- Malades --- Écrits de patients --- Corps humain --- Lettres européennes (Genre littéraire) --- Corps humain dans la littérature. --- 18th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 18th Cent. History of Medicine --- 18th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 18th Century --- History of Medicine, 18th Cent. --- History, Eighteenth Century --- Medical History, 18th Cent. --- Medicine, 18th Cent. --- 18th Century History --- 18th Century Histories --- Cent. History, 18th (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 18th --- Century Histories, 18th --- Century Histories, Eighteenth --- Century History, 18th --- Century History, Eighteenth --- Eighteenth Century Histories --- Eighteenth Century History --- Histories, 18th Century --- Histories, Eighteenth Century --- History, 18th Cent. (Medicine) --- Body Parts --- Body Parts and Fluids --- Body, Human --- Human Figure --- Bodies, Human --- Figure, Human --- Figures, Human --- Human Bodies --- Human Figures --- Parts, Body --- Health Workforce --- Birthright citizenship --- Citizenship (International law) --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- Political science --- Public law --- Allegiance --- Civics --- Domicile --- Political rights --- Human beings --- Body image --- Human anatomy --- Human physiology --- Mind and body --- Ill persons --- Persons --- Diseases --- Patients --- Writings of patients --- Literature --- Doctor and patient --- Doctor-patient relationships --- Patient and doctor --- Patient and physician --- Patient-doctor relationships --- Patient-physician relationships --- Patients and doctors --- Patients and physicians --- Physician-patient relationships --- Physicians and patients --- Interpersonal relations --- Fear of doctors --- Narrative medicine --- History --- History and criticism. --- Psychology --- Social aspects --- Politicals aspects --- Political aspects --- Correspondance. --- Histoire et critique. --- Aspect social --- Histoire --- Law and legislation --- Tissot, S. A. D. --- Tissot, Simon André, --- Tissot, Auguste, --- Tissot, Samuel Auguste André David, --- Tissot, --- Ṭisoṭ, --- טיסאט --- טיסאט, ש. א. ד. --- Europe. --- Northern Europe --- Southern Europe --- Western Europe --- Physician-Patient Relations.