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Business & Economics --- Industries --- oléiculture --- goût --- commerce de l’huile d’olive --- huile d’olive
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Écosystèmes majeurs dans la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique, hauts lieux de biodiversité, les forêts tropicales humides abritent en ce début de XXIe siècle plus de 700 millions de personnes. Considérées tantôt comme gardiennes de la forêt, tantôt comme responsables de la déforestation, ces populations forestières font l'objet de nombreuses idées reçues. Mais qui sont-elles véritablement, et comment vivent-elles dans le monde contemporain ? Des derniers peuples chasseurs-cueilleurs aux migrants sans terre, des cultivateurs aux planteurs de caoutchouc en passant par les exploitants de palmier à huile et les forestiers, cet ouvrage décrit la réalité de ces populations dans toute leur diversité. Il met en lumière la richesse de leurs rapports à la forêt, de leurs représentations, de leurs pratiques et de leurs usages. Il illustre la façon dont elles s'inscrivent dans la globalisation, et comment le marché mondial et les politiques publiques affectent leurs modes de vie. Enfin, il souligne l'impact du changement global et des mécanismes financiers qui en résultent sur les modes de gestion des forêts tropicales et sur le devenir des populations forestières. Panorama inédit des forêts tropicales d'Amazonie, d'Afrique centrale, d'Asie du Sud-Est et de Madagascar, cet ouvrage réunit les textes d'anthropologues, d'écologues, de géographes, d'économistes... Il s'appuie sur une iconographie riche et originale, au plus près des populations et du terrain.
Environmental Studies --- biodiversité --- caoutchouc --- palmier à huile --- migrant --- forêt --- population forestière --- chasseur-cueilleur --- cultivateur
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Palm oil, extracted from the pulp of oil palm fruit, is the main source of vegetable fats and oils on the world market. Its ability to adapt to different climates and its productivity make it a major food safety component in Asian countries and the tropical belt. The book seeks to give the practitioner the necessary elements for setting up and operating a palm stand by combining the basic scientific and technical knowledge required to understand technical choices with the sustainable development priorities of the crop. Special mention is therefore made of actions to limit the potentially negative aspects and highlight the positive aspects of proposed techniques and strategies without forgetting efficient protection of people working in the plantations. Lastly, the essential factual components are given in terms of the use of oil palm products and their impact on human health.
African oil palm --- Elaeis guineensis --- Elaeis melanococca --- Oil palm --- Olie [Palm] --- Oliepalm --- Palm oil tree --- Palmier à huile --- Pratique culturale --- Cultivation --- Huile de palme --- palm oils --- Industrie des corps gras --- oils industry --- extension activities --- Agriculture --- Tropics --- Crops --- Palm oil industry. --- Palm oil. --- economics --- palm tree --- tree --- plant production --- agronomy --- industry --- farm
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L'économie de plantation en Côte d'ivoire forestière repose, dans son modèle dominant, sur une caféiculture et une cacaoculture extensives. La présente étude, produit d'une recherche de terrain conduite de 1983 à 1985, vise à cerner le devenir de ce modèle dans une ancienne zone pionnière de Basse-Côte, à partir de l'analyse approfondie d'une économie villageoise mise en perspective par des enquêtes réalisées dans d'autres villages de la région. La mutation de l'économie agricole est appréhendée à travers l'évolution des systèmes de culture, de production et d'exploitation. La dynamique des systèmes de culture est marquée par la disparition du caféier et du cacaoyer, par la régression de certaines productions vivrières, et par le développement de cultures comme le palmier à huile, l'ananas ou le manioc. La dynamique des systèmes de production est caractérisée par une monétarisation des coûts de production et une intensification de la production, à des degrés variables selon les cultures. La dynamique des systèmes d'exploitation conjugue la valorisation monétaire du facteur foncier et l'apparition d'un groupe de producteurs ayant un accès précaire à la terre, devenue une ressource rare. Les formes de rémunération de la main-d'œuvre sont modifiées ; des relations contractuelles se développent, liant les unités de production à des complexes agro-industriels. La mutation de l'économie agricole est expliquée, dans ses traits généraux, par la conjonction de plusieurs facteurs : épuisement des réserves forestières, blocage du renouvellement de l'économie caféière et cacaoyère dans le contexte agro-pédologique régional, et apparition d'opportunités de diversification des cultures liée à l'intervention de sociétés de développement. L'étude s'attache à faire apparaître la diversité des contraintes qui pèsent à l'échelle des unités de production, et des réponses qui leur sont apportées. L'analyse des décisions paysannes souligne la nécessité de concevoir la logique…
Economics --- Planning & Development --- polyculture --- café --- exploitation agricole --- système de culture --- économie rurale --- culture vivrière --- culture de rente --- économie de plantation --- Côte d'Ivoire --- hévéa --- accès a la terre --- stratégie paysanne --- plantation villageoise --- système foncier --- paysan sans terre --- zone forestière --- cacao --- palmier à huile --- arboriculture --- ananas --- cocotier
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Observational and experimental data pertaining to gravity and cosmology are changing our view of the Universe. General relativity is a fundamental key for the understanding of these observations and its theory is undergoing a continuing enhancement of its intersection with observational and experimental data. These data include direct observations and experiments carried out in our solar system, among which there are direct gravitational wave astronomy, frame dragging and tests of gravitational theories from solar system and spacecraft observations. This book explores John Archibald Wheeler's seminal and enduring contributions in relativistic astrophysics and includes: the General Theory of Relativity and Wheeler's influence; recent developments in the confrontation of relativity with experiments; the theory describing gravitational radiation, and its detection in Earth-based and space-based interferometer detectors as well as in Earth-based bar detectors; the mathematical description of the initial value problem in relativity and applications to modeling gravitational wave sources via computational relativity; the phenomenon of frame dragging and its measurement by satellite observations. All of these areas were of direct interest to Professor John A. Wheeler and were seminally influenced by his ideas.
General relativity (Physics). --- Wheeler, John Archibald, 1911-2008 -- Influence. --- Wheeler, John Archibald, 1911-2008 -- Knowledge -- General relativity (Physics). --- General relativity (Physics) --- Gravitational fields --- Astrophysics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Wheeler, John Archibald, --- Relativistic theory of gravitation --- Relativity theory, General --- Hui-le, --- Huile, --- Uiler, Dzhon Archibalʹd, --- Wheeler, J. A. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Cosmology. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Gravitation --- Relativity (Physics) --- Gravitation. --- Astrophysics. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Properties --- Influence. --- Knowledge
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In this essay collection, leading physicists, philosophers, and historians attempt to fill the empty theoretical ground in the foundations of information and address the related question of the limits to our knowledge of the world. Over recent decades, our practical approach to information and its exploitation has radically outpaced our theoretical understanding - to such a degree that reflection on the foundations may seem futile. But it is exactly fields such as quantum information, which are shifting the boundaries of the physically possible, that make a foundational understanding of information increasingly important. One of the recurring themes of the book is the claim by Eddington and Wheeler that information involves interaction and putting agents or observers centre stage. Thus, physical reality, in their view, is shaped by the questions we choose to put to it and is built up from the information residing at its core. This is the root of Wheeler’s famous phrase “it from bit.” After reading the stimulating essays collected in this volume, readers will be in a good position to decide whether they agree with this view.
Spintronics. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Quantum Computing. --- Quantum Information Technology, Spintronics. --- Eddington, Arthur Stanley, --- Wheeler, John Archibald, --- Hui-le, --- Huile, --- Uiler, Dzhon Archibalʹd, --- Wheeler, J. A. --- Eddington, A. S. --- Eddington, Arthur, --- אדינגטון, א. ס. --- Physics. --- Philosophy and science. --- Quantum computers. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Knowledge --- General relativity (Physics) --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Philosophy. --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Fluxtronics --- Magnetoelectronics --- Spin electronics --- Spinelectronics --- Microelectronics --- Nanotechnology --- Computers --- Science and philosophy --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics
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In Colonial Impotence, Benoît Henriet studies the violent contradictions of colonial rule from the standpoint of the Leverville concession, Belgian Congo’s largest palm oil exploitation. Leverville was imagined as a benevolent tropical utopia, whose Congolese workers would be "civilized" through a paternalist machinery. However, the concession was marred by inefficiency, endemic corruption and intrinsic brutality. Colonial agents in the field could be seen as impotent, for they were both unable and unwilling to perform as expected. This book offers a new take on the joint experience of colonialism and capitalism in Southwest Congo, and sheds light on their impact on local environments, bodies, societies and cosmogonies.
HISTORY / Africa / General. --- Capitalism. --- Colonialism. --- Palm oil. --- Unilever. --- Logging --- History --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Forest harvesting --- Pulpwood --- Timber --- Trees --- Harvesting --- Lumbering --- Forestry engineering --- Forests and forestry --- Exploitation forestière --- Congo belge --- Pratique déloyale --- Huile de palme --- Commerce --- Industrie --- État indépendant du Congo --- Palm oil industry --- Corrupt practices --- Colonial influence. --- #SBIB:949.3H4 --- #SBIB:96G --- #SBIB:39A4 --- #SBIB:39A73 --- Vegetable oil industry --- Koloniale en diplomatieke geschiedenis van België (wereldoorlogen) --- Geschiedenis van Afrika --- Toegepaste antropologie --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Congo DR --- Congo (Kinshasa) --- Congo (Leopoldville) --- Democratic Republic of Congo --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo --- DR Congo --- DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo) --- DRK (Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo) --- Kongo --- R.D. Congo --- RD Congo --- RDC (République démocratique du Congo) --- Republic of Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville) --- République démocratique du Congo --- République du Congo (Leopoldville) --- Belgian Congo --- Zaire --- Capitalism --- Colonialism --- Palm oil --- Unilever --- History of Congo --- anno 1910-1919 --- anno 1920-1929 --- anno 1930-1939 --- 1900-1999
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