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This book explores the development of the Muslim Brotherhood's thinking on Islamic law and human rights, and argues that the Muslim Brotherhood has exacerbated, rather than solved, tensions between the two in Egypt. The organisation and its scholars have drawn on hard-line juristic opinions and reinvented certain concepts from Islamic traditions in ways that limit the scope of various human rights, and advocate for Islamic alternatives to international human rights. The Muslim Brotherhood's practices in opposition and in power have been consistent with its literature. As an opposition party, it embraced human rights language in its struggle against an authoritarian regime, but advocated for broad restrictions on certain rights. However, its recent and short-lived experience in power provides evidence of its inclination to reinforce restrictions on religious freedom, freedom of expression and association, and the rights of religious minorities, and to reverse previous reforms related to women's rights.The book concludes that the peaceful management of political and religious diversity in society cannot be realised under the Muslim Brotherhood's model of a Shari'a state. The study advocates for the drastic reformation of traditional Islamic law and state impartiality towards religion, as an alternative to the development of a Shari'a state or exclusionary secularism. This transformation is, however, contingent upon significant long-term political and socio-cultural change, and it is clear that successfully expanding human rights protection in Egypt requires not the exclusion of Islamists, but their transformation. Islamists still have a large constituency and they are not the only actors who are ambivalent about human rights. Meanwhile, Islamic law also appears to continue to influence Egypt's law. The book explores the prospects for certain constitutional and institutional measures to facilitate an evolutionary interpretation of Islamic law, provide a baseline of human rights and gradually integrate international human rights into Egyptian law.

Human rights --- Jamʻīyat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- Moslem Brotherhood (Egypt) --- Muslim Brotherhood (Egypt) --- Society of the Muslim Brothers (Egypt) --- Müslüman Kardeşler Teşkilâtı (Egypt) --- İhvan-ı Müslimin (Egypt) --- Aḥim ha-Muslemim (Egypt) --- Ikhwān al-Muslimūn (Egypt) --- Frères musulmans (Egypt) --- Moslem Brothers (Egypt) --- Mifleget ha-El (Egypt) --- Party of God (Egypt) --- Ḥavurah ha-Islamit (Egypt) --- Islamic Community (Egypt) --- Ikhwān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- Bracia Muzułmanie (Egypt) --- Muslim Brothers (Egypt) --- Muslimbruderschaft (Egypt) --- جامعة الاخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جماعة الإخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جمعيات الإخوان المسلمين (مصر) --- جمعية الإخوان المسلمين --- جمعية الإخوان المسلين (Egypt ) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلمين، مصر --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين (طگيپت) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين (مصر) --- جمعية الٳخوان المسلمين (مصر) --- Fratelli musulmani (Egypt) --- Ikhwanul Muslimin (Egypt) --- Hermanos Musulmanes (Egypt) --- Sociedad de los Hermanos Musulmanes (Egypt) --- Ik̲h̲vānulmuslimūn (Egypt) --- اخوان المسلمون (Egypt) --- Ik̲h̲vān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- اخوان المسلمين (Egypt)

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The Muslim Brotherhood is one of the most influential Islamist organisations today. Based in Egypt, its network includes branches in many countries of the Near and Middle East. Although the organisation has been linked to political violence in the past, it now proposes a politically moderate ideology.The book provides an in-depth analysis of the Muslim Brotherhood during the years of al-Hudaybi's leadership, and how he sought to steer the organization away from the radical wing, inspired by Sayyid Qutb, into the more moderate Islamist organization it is today. It is his legacy

Islam and politics --- Opposition (Political science) --- Huḍaybī, Ḥasan, --- Jamʻīyat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- Nationale bewegingen --- Hudaybi, al-, Hassan --- Genootschap van de Moslimbroeders --- anno 1950-1959 --- anno 1960-1969 --- anno 1970-1979 --- Egypte --- National movements --- Society of the Muslim Brothers --- Egypt --- Islam and politics. --- Political opposition --- Political science --- Divided government --- Islam --- Politics and Islam --- Political aspects --- Huḍaybī, Ḥasan, --- Huḍībī, Ḥasan, --- حسن إسماعيل الهضيبي --- حسن الهضيبي --- حضيبي، حسن --- هضيبي، حسن --- هضيبي، حسن اسماعيل --- هضيبي، حسن، --- Moslem Brotherhood (Egypt) --- Muslim Brotherhood (Egypt) --- Society of the Muslim Brothers (Egypt) --- Müslüman Kardeşler Teşkilâtı (Egypt) --- İhvan-ı Müslimin (Egypt) --- Aḥim ha-Muslemim (Egypt) --- Ikhwān al-Muslimūn (Egypt) --- Frères musulmans (Egypt) --- Moslem Brothers (Egypt) --- Mifleget ha-El (Egypt) --- Party of God (Egypt) --- Ḥavurah ha-Islamit (Egypt) --- Islamic Community (Egypt) --- Ikhwān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- Bracia Muzułmanie (Egypt) --- Muslim Brothers (Egypt) --- Muslimbruderschaft (Egypt) --- جامعة الاخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جماعة الإخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جمعيات الإخوان المسلمين (مصر) --- جمعية الإخوان المسلمين --- جمعية الإخوان المسلين (Egypt ) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلمين، مصر --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين (طگيپت) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين (مصر) --- جمعية الٳخوان المسلمين (مصر) --- Fratelli musulmani (Egypt) --- Ikhwanul Muslimin (Egypt) --- Hermanos Musulmanes (Egypt) --- Sociedad de los Hermanos Musulmanes (Egypt) --- Ik̲h̲vānulmuslimūn (Egypt) --- اخوان المسلمون (Egypt) --- Ik̲h̲vān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- اخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- Huḍaybī, Ḥasan, - 1891-1973 --- the Muslim Brotherhood --- Hasan al-Hudaybi --- ideology --- 1949-1973 --- radicalism

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This volume provides an overview on the history of the Muslim Brotherhood and the ways its heritage is appropriated by its European members today. They define themselves as the “community of the middle way”, in the centre of Islamic orthodoxy, proposing an ethos and an ideology. However their heritage is composed of many different intellectual strata and these inputs are in tension. The current movement is both powerful and fragile as certain fundamental principles remain respected while many other themes are currently being cautiously questioned. By analysing private interviews and public discourse, this book fills in an important gap in scholarly research. No other in-depth study exists about this little known and reserved but important reference for European Muslims.

Islam --- Muslims --- Jamʻīyat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- Moslem Brotherhood (Egypt) --- Muslim Brotherhood (Egypt) --- Society of the Muslim Brothers (Egypt) --- Müslüman Kardeşler Teşkilâtı (Egypt) --- İhvan-ı Müslimin (Egypt) --- Aḥim ha-Muslemim (Egypt) --- Ikhwān al-Muslimūn (Egypt) --- Frères musulmans (Egypt) --- Moslem Brothers (Egypt) --- Mifleget ha-El (Egypt) --- Party of God (Egypt) --- Ḥavurah ha-Islamit (Egypt) --- Islamic Community (Egypt) --- Ikhwān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- Bracia Muzułmanie (Egypt) --- Muslim Brothers (Egypt) --- Muslimbruderschaft (Egypt) --- جامعة الاخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جماعة الإخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جمعيات الإخوان المسلمين (مصر) --- جمعية الإخوان المسلمين --- جمعية الإخوان المسلين (Egypt ) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلمين، مصر --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين (طگيپت) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين (مصر) --- جمعية الٳخوان المسلمين (مصر) --- Fratelli musulmani (Egypt) --- Ikhwanul Muslimin (Egypt) --- Hermanos Musulmanes (Egypt) --- Sociedad de los Hermanos Musulmanes (Egypt) --- Ik̲h̲vānulmuslimūn (Egypt) --- اخوان المسلمون (Egypt) --- Ik̲h̲vān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- اخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- History. --- Jamiyat al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin (Egypt)

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The Islamists' political rise in Arab countries has often been explained by their capacity to provide social services, representing a challenge to the legitimacy of neoliberal states. Few studies, however, have addressed how this social action was provided, and how it engendered popular political support for Islamist organizations. Most of the time the links between social services and Islamist groups have been taken as given, rather than empirically examined, with studies of specific Islamist organizations tending to focus on their internal patterns of sectarian mobilization and the ideological indoctrination of committed members. Taking the case of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (MB), this book offers a groundbreaking ethnography of Islamist everyday politics and social action in three districts of Greater Cairo. Based on long-term fieldwork among grassroots networks and on interviews with MB deputies, members, and beneficiaries, it shows how the MB operated on a day-to-day basis in society, through social brokering, constituent relations, and popular outreach. How did ordinary MB members concretely relate to local populations in the neighborhoods where they lived? What kinds of social services did they deliver? How did they experience belonging to the Brotherhood and how this membership fit in with their other social identities? Finally, what political effects did their social action entail, both in terms of popular support and of contestation or cooperation with the state? Nuanced, theoretically eclectic, and empirically rich, The Muslim Brothers in Society reveals the fragile balances on which the Muslim Brotherhood's political and social action was based and shows how these balances were disrupted after the January 2011 uprising. It provides an alternative way of understanding their historical failure in 2013.

Islam and politics --- Islam --- Politics and Islam --- Political science --- Political aspects --- Jamʻīyat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- Moslem Brotherhood (Egypt) --- Muslim Brotherhood (Egypt) --- Society of the Muslim Brothers (Egypt) --- Müslüman Kardeşler Teşkilâtı (Egypt) --- İhvan-ı Müslimin (Egypt) --- Aḥim ha-Muslemim (Egypt) --- Ikhwān al-Muslimūn (Egypt) --- Frères musulmans (Egypt) --- Moslem Brothers (Egypt) --- Mifleget ha-El (Egypt) --- Party of God (Egypt) --- Ḥavurah ha-Islamit (Egypt) --- Islamic Community (Egypt) --- Ikhwān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- Bracia Muzułmanie (Egypt) --- Muslim Brothers (Egypt) --- Muslimbruderschaft (Egypt) --- جامعة الاخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جماعة الإخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جمعيات الإخوان المسلمين (مصر) --- جمعية الإخوان المسلمين --- جمعية الإخوان المسلين (Egypt ) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلمين، مصر --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين (طگيپت) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين (مصر) --- جمعية الٳخوان المسلمين (مصر) --- Fratelli musulmani (Egypt) --- Ikhwanul Muslimin (Egypt) --- Hermanos Musulmanes (Egypt) --- Sociedad de los Hermanos Musulmanes (Egypt) --- Ik̲h̲vānulmuslimūn (Egypt) --- اخوان المسلمون (Egypt) --- Ik̲h̲vān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- اخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- Egypt --- History --- Politics and government

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On a sweltering June morning in 1933 a fifteen-year-old Muslim orphan girl refused to rise in a show of respect for her elders at her Christian missionary school in Port Said. Her intransigence led to a beating-and to the end of most foreign missions in Egypt-and contributed to the rise of Islamist organizations. Turkiyya Hasan left the Swedish Salaam Mission with scratches on her legs and a suitcase of evidence of missionary misdeeds. Her story hit a nerve among Egyptians, and news of the beating quickly spread through the country. Suspicion of missionary schools, hospitals, and homes increased, and a vehement anti-missionary movement swept the country. That missionaries had won few converts was immaterial to Egyptian observers: stories such as Turkiyya's showed that the threat to Muslims and Islam was real. This is a great story of unintended consequences: Christian missionaries came to Egypt to convert and provide social services for children. Their actions ultimately inspired the development of the Muslim Brotherhood and similar Islamist groups. In The Orphan Scandal, Beth Baron provides a new lens through which to view the rise of Islamic groups in Egypt. This fresh perspective offers a starting point to uncover hidden links between Islamic activists and a broad cadre of Protestant evangelicals. Exploring the historical aims of the Christian missions and the early efforts of the Muslim Brotherhood, Baron shows how the Muslim Brotherhood and like-minded Islamist associations developed alongside and in reaction to the influx of missionaries. Patterning their organization and social welfare projects on the early success of the Christian missions, the Brotherhood launched their own efforts to "save" children and provide for the orphaned, abandoned, and poor. In battling for Egypt's children, Islamic activists created a network of social welfare institutions and a template for social action across the country-the effects of which, we now know, would only gain power and influence across the country in the decades to come.

Christianity and other religions -- Islam -- History -- 20th century. --- Islam -- Relations -- Christianity -- History -- 20th century. --- Jamʿīyat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) -- History. --- Missions -- Egypt -- History -- 20th century. --- Missions to Muslims -- Egypt -- History -- 20th century. --- Orphans -- Services for -- Egypt -- History -- 20th century. --- Public welfare -- Egypt -- History -- 20th century. --- Missions --- Missions to Muslims --- Orphans --- Public welfare --- Islam --- Christianity and other religions --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Christianity --- Syncretism (Christianity) --- Religions --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Muslims --- Benevolent institutions --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Human services --- Social service --- Orphans and orphan-asylums --- Children --- Christian missions --- Missions, Foreign --- Theology, Practical --- Proselytizing --- History --- Services for --- Relations --- Government policy --- Orphaned children --- Jamʻīyat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- Moslem Brotherhood (Egypt) --- Muslim Brotherhood (Egypt) --- Society of the Muslim Brothers (Egypt) --- Müslüman Kardeşler Teşkilâtı (Egypt) --- İhvan-ı Müslimin (Egypt) --- Aḥim ha-Muslemim (Egypt) --- Ikhwān al-Muslimūn (Egypt) --- Frères musulmans (Egypt) --- Moslem Brothers (Egypt) --- Mifleget ha-El (Egypt) --- Party of God (Egypt) --- Ḥavurah ha-Islamit (Egypt) --- Islamic Community (Egypt) --- Ikhwān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- Bracia Muzułmanie (Egypt) --- Muslim Brothers (Egypt) --- Muslimbruderschaft (Egypt) --- جامعة الاخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جماعة الإخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جمعيات الإخوان المسلمين (مصر) --- جمعية الإخوان المسلمين --- جمعية الإخوان المسلين (Egypt ) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلمين، مصر --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين (طگيپت) --- جمعية الاخوان المسلين (مصر) --- جمعية الٳخوان المسلمين (مصر) --- Fratelli musulmani (Egypt) --- Ikhwanul Muslimin (Egypt) --- Hermanos Musulmanes (Egypt) --- Sociedad de los Hermanos Musulmanes (Egypt) --- Ik̲h̲vānulmuslimūn (Egypt) --- اخوان المسلمون (Egypt) --- Ik̲h̲vān al-Muslimīn (Egypt) --- اخوان المسلمين (Egypt) --- History.