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Induction, which involves a leap from the particular to the universal, has always been a puzzling phenomenon for those attempting to investigate the origins of knowledge. Although traditionally accepted as the engine of first principles, the authority of inductive reasoning has been undermined in the modern age by empiricist criticisms that derive notably from Hume, who insisted that induction is an invalid line of reasoning that ends in unreliable future predictions. The present volume challenges this Humean orthodoxy. It begins with a thorough consideration of Hume's original position and continues with a series of state-of-the-art essays that critique the received view while offering positive alternatives. The experts assembled here draw on a perennial historical tradition that stretches as far back as Socrates and extends through such luminaries as Aristotle, Aquinas, Whewell, Goethe, Lonergan, and Rescher. They inquire into the creative moment of intellectual insight that makes induction possible, consider relevant episodes from the history of science, advance scholarly exegeses of historical interpretations of inductive reasoning, and reflect critically on the scientific and logical ramifications of epistemological and metaphysical realism.

Induction (Logic) --- Reasoning. --- Aristotle. --- David Hume. --- Induction.

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Electric machinery, Induction --- inductiemachine

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Defect-Induced Magnetism in Oxide Semiconductors provides an overview of the latest advances in defect engineering to create new magnetic materials and enable new technological applications. First, the book introduces the mechanisms, behavior, and theory of magnetism in oxide semiconductors and reviews the methods of inducing magnetism in these materials. Then, strategies such as pulsed laser deposition and RF sputtering to grow oxide nanostructured materials with induced magnetism are discussed. This is followed by a review of the most relevant postdeposition methods to induce magnetism in oxide semiconductors including annealing, ion irradiation, and ion implantation. Examples of defect-induced magnetism in oxide semiconductors are provided along with selected applications. This book is a suitable reference for academic researchers and practitioners and for people engaged in research and development in the disciplines of materials science and engineering.

Magnetic induction. --- Magnetic semiconductors.

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The work gives a survey of major contemporary, western and Indian views on the problem of induction and offers a solution to the classical problem of induction and the Grue paradox following the Nyaya perspective. The main focus is on Gangesa, the founder of Navya Nyaya, but other views including those of Buddhists, Jains, Vedantins, Carvaka, Hume, Russell, Reichenbach, Carnap, Popper, Goodman, and Quine are also discussed.

Induction (Logic) --- Nyaya. --- History.

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Metals --- Induction hardening --- Induction heating --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Heat treatment