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Mechanisms of brain-immune interactions became a cutting-edge topic in systemic neurosciences over the past years. Acute lesions of the brain parenchyma, particularly, induce a profound and highly complex neuroinflammatory reaction with similar mechanistic properties between differing disease paradigms like ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Resident microglial cells sense tissue damage and initiate inflammation, activation of the endothelial brain-immune interface promotes recruitment of systemic immune cells to the brain and systemic humoral immune mediators (e.g. complements and cytokines) enter the brain through the damaged blood-brain barrier. These cellular and humoral constituents of the neuroinflammatory reaction to brain injury contribute substantially to secondary brain damage and neurodegeneration. Diverse inflammatory cascades such as pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of invading leukocytes and direct cell-cell-contact cytotoxicity between lymphocytes and neurons have been demonstrated to mediate the inflammatory ‘collateral damage’ in models of acute brain injury. Besides mediating neuronal cell loss and degeneration, secondary inflammatory mechanisms also contribute to functional modulation of neurons and the impact of post-lesional neuroinflammation can even be detected on the behavioral level. The contribution of several specific immune cell subpopulations to the complex orchestration of secondary neuroinflammation has been revealed just recently. However, the differential vulnerability of specific neuronal cell types and the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory neurodegeneration are still elusive. Furthermore, we are only on the verge of characterizing the control of long-term recovery and neuronal plasticity after brain damage by inflammatory pathways. Yet, a more detailed but also comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted interaction of these two supersystems is of direct translational relevance. Immunotherapeutic strategies currently shift to the center of translational research in acute CNS lesion since all clinical trials investigating direct neuroprotective therapies failed. To advance our knowledge on brain-immune communications after brain damage an interdisciplinary approach covered by cellular neuroscience as well as neuroimmunology, brain imaging and behavioral sciences is crucial to thoroughly depict the intricate mechanisms.

intracerebral hemorrhage --- Stroke --- Traumatic Brain Injury --- Cytokines --- neurodegeneration --- Neuroinflammation --- Leukocytes --- Immunity

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This invaluable volume, written by group of internationally established scientists, presents an overview of the most recent findings on the biology of neutrophils. These cells have become a focus of attention in recent years because of their fascinating biochemistry and molecular biology and their ability to affect the functions of other cells. The book describes, in detail, the molecular events leading to neutrophil activation, migration, microbial killing, production of oxidative radicals and cytokines, and eventually to the death of these cells. It presents new information that has never be

Neutrophils. --- Leucocytes. --- Leukocytes --- White blood cells --- White cells --- Blood cells --- Killer cells --- Neutrophilic leucocytes --- Polymorphonuclear leucocytes --- Polynuclear leucocytes --- Granulocytes --- Phagocytes

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Previous observations, generated by many in the field, have provided a first glimpse into the epigenetic mechanisms that underpin lymphocyte and myeloid development. We are only now beginning to merge the multitude of observations into a common framework. At the same time it has become more difficult for the individual mind to comprehend more than a tiny focused fraction of it. The studies described in this volume serve as a starting point to familiarize one self with the multifarious differences in epigenetic designs that orchestrate the progression of developing blood cells. They also may serve as a general paradigm for the mechanisms that underpin the control of eukaryotic gene expression.

Epigenesis, Genetic. --- Epigenetics. --- Genetic regulation. --- Lymphocytes --- Epigenetics --- Genetic regulation --- Leukocytes, Mononuclear --- Gene Expression Regulation --- Leukocytes --- Genetic Processes --- Genetic Phenomena --- Blood Cells --- Immune System --- Hemic and Immune Systems --- Cells --- Phenomena and Processes --- Blood --- Anatomy --- Epigenesis, Genetic --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Lymphocytes. --- Nongranular leucocytes --- Medicine. --- Gene expression. --- Immunology. --- Biomedicine. --- Gene Expression. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Genes --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Expression --- Genetics --- Leucocytes

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Natural killer T (NKT) cells are CD1d-restricted T cells that respond to lipid, not protein, antigens presented by CD1d, which is a non-classical MHC class I-like molecule.  This relatively small but pivotal T cell population bridges the gap between innate and adaptive immunity by rapidly produce large amounts of many kinds of cytokines and by providing the T cell arm of the adaptive immune system a mechanism to detect lipid antigens. NKT cells also have both regulatory and effector functions and have been shown to play critical roles in the regulation of immune responses in many disease settings including cancer. Stimulating the protective functions of NKT cells while inhibiting the negative regulatory activity shows promise for the therapy of cancer and several approaches are in clinical trials.               This book reviews what we have learned about NKT cells during last two decades through functional studies in the context of tumor immunology, including clinical trials of NKT cell targeted therapy.  This knowledge should also be informative to understand the role of this underappreciated T cell population in many other fields outside of tumor immunology.

Killer cells. --- T cells. --- Tumors -- Immunological aspects. --- T cells --- Killer cells --- Tumors --- Immunological tolerance --- T-Lymphocytes --- Immune System Processes --- Immunomodulation --- Immune System Phenomena --- Lymphocytes --- Leukocytes, Mononuclear --- Phenomena and Processes --- Leukocytes --- Blood Cells --- Immune System --- Cells --- Blood --- Hemic and Immune Systems --- Anatomy --- Immune Tolerance --- Natural Killer T-Cells --- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic --- Biology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Oncology --- Immunological aspects --- Tumors. --- Neoplasms --- Tumours --- T lymphocytes --- Thymus-dependent cells --- Thymus-dependent lymphocytes --- Thymus-derived cells --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Pharmacology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Pathology --- Cysts (Pathology) --- Oncology. --- Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology --- Cancer research --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect

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will follow.

Immune response -- Molecular aspects. --- Synapses. --- T cells. --- Immune response --- Synapses --- T cells --- T-Lymphocytes --- Immunological Synapses --- Metabolism --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Intercellular Junctions --- Lymphocytes --- Immune System --- Hemic and Immune Systems --- Cell Membrane Structures --- Leukocytes, Mononuclear --- Phenomena and Processes --- Leukocytes --- Cell Membrane --- Anatomy --- Blood Cells --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Blood --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Molecular aspects --- Molecular aspects. --- T lymphocytes --- Thymus-dependent cells --- Thymus-dependent lymphocytes --- Thymus-derived cells --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Biomedicine. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Nerve endings --- Nerves --- Neural circuitry --- Neural transmission --- Synaptosomes --- Molecular immunology