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In April 2013, about 30 tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer detonated during a fire at a facility in West, Texas, killing at least 14 people and damaging nearby schools, homes, and a nursing home. This incident raised concerns about the risks posed by similar facilities across the country. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) play a central role in protecting workers and communities from chemical accidents, and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) administers a chemical facility security program. This book addresses how man

Ammonium nitrate --- Chemical industry --- Fertilizer industry --- Agricultural chemicals industry --- German saltpeter --- Nitric acid ammonium salt --- Norway saltpeter --- Nitrates --- Safety measures.

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Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease delivers a comprehensive review of nitrite and nitrate biology, from basic biochemistry to the complex physiology and metabolism of these two naturally occurring molecules in the human body.  Well-organized and well referenced chapters cover the rich history of nitrite and nitrate, sources of exposure, and the physiological effects when consumed through foods containing nitrite and nitrate.  The chapters are written by leading experts, all of whom share their research and perspectives in order to help define the context for benefits vs. any potential risks associated with nitrite and nitrate use, either through dietary ingestion or therapeutic dosing.  This diverse collection of authors includes vascular biologists, physiologists, physicians, epidemiologists, cancer biologists, registered dieticians, chemists, and public health experts from five countries in both academia and government.  Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease provides a balanced view of nitric oxide biochemistry, and nitrite and nitrate biochemistry in physiology and in the food sciences.

Nitrates -- toxicology. --- Nitrites -- adverse effects. --- Nitrogen compounds -- Health aspects. --- Nitrites --- Nitrates --- Nitrous Acid --- Anions --- Nitrogen Compounds --- Organic Chemicals --- Nitric Acid --- Oxides --- Gases --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Inorganic Chemicals --- Oxygen Compounds --- Ions --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Electrolytes --- Pharmacology --- Nitrogen Oxides --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Public Health --- Animal Biochemistry --- Diet & Clinical Nutrition --- Toxicology & Public Health --- Toxicology --- Nitrites. --- Nitrates. --- Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Nitrate salts --- Medicine. --- Food --- Nutrition. --- Public health. --- Clinical nutrition. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Clinical Nutrition. --- Public Health. --- Food Science. --- Biotechnology. --- Medicine --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Nitric acid --- Oxysalts --- Nitrogen compounds --- Personal health and hygiene. --- Food science. --- Science --- Alimentation --- Nutrition --- Health --- Physiology --- Diet --- Dietetics --- Digestion --- Food habits --- Malnutrition --- Health aspects --- Nutrition   . --- Food—Biotechnology. --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Clinical nutrition --- Diet and disease --- Dietotherapy --- Medical nutrition therapy --- MNT (Medical nutrition therapy) --- Nutrition therapy --- Therapeutics, Physiological --- Therapeutic use

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Leaching is a primary extractive operation in hydrometallurgical processing, by which a metal of interest is transferred from naturally occurring minerals into an aqueous solution. In essence, it involves the selective dissolution of valuable minerals, where the ore, concentrate, or matte is brought into contact with an active chemical solution known as a leach solution. Currently, the hydrometallurgical processes have a great number of applications, not only in the mining sector—in particular, for the recovery of precious metals—but also in the environmental sector, for the recovery of toxic metals from wastes of various types, and their reuse as valuable metals, after purification. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop novel solutions, to implement environmentally sustainable practices in the recovery of these valuable and precious metals, with particular reference to critical metals; those included in materials that are indispensable to modern life and for which an exponential increase in consumption is already a reality, or will be in a short-term perspective. For publication in this Special Issue, consideration has been given to articles that contribute to the optimization of the kinetic conditions of innovative hydrometallurgical processes—economic and of low environmental impact—applied to the recovery of valuable and critical metals.

eudialyte --- rare earth elements --- dry digestion --- leaching --- neural network --- uranium --- contaminated groundwater --- permeable reactive barrier --- zero-valent iron --- Al-Ni alloys --- aluminothermic reactions --- reaction rate --- Al master alloys --- kinetics --- Hydrometallurgical processes --- Chalcopyrite --- low-pressure leaching --- mining waste --- hydrometallurgical processes --- leaching kinetic --- thiosulphate leaching --- electrowinning --- gold --- waste printed circuit board --- iodide --- iodine --- ascorbic acid --- precipitation --- thiosulfate oxidation --- catalysis --- oxygen --- high alumina fly ash --- desilication rate --- physical–chemical activation --- alumina silica mass ratio --- refractory gold concentrate --- resources depletion --- reducing harmful emissions --- arsenic --- nitric acid --- shrinking core model --- pyrite --- arsenopyrite --- clays --- nanoscale zero-valent iron --- groundwater --- wastewater --- geochemical characteristics --- pitchblende --- U neutral leaching --- ELZPA ore deposit in Pakistan --- n/a --- physical-chemical activation

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The acceptance and preference of the sensory properties of foods are among the most important criteria determining food choice. Sensory perception and our response to food products, and finally food choice itself, are affected by a myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The pressing question is, how do these factors specifically affect our acceptance and preference for foods, both in and of themselves, and in combination in various contexts, both fundamental and applied? In addition, which factors overall play the largest role in how we perceive and behave towards food in daily life? Finally, how can these factors be utilized to affect our preferences and final acceptance of real food and food products from industrial production and beyond for healthier eating? A closer look at trends in research showcasing the influence that these factors and our senses have on our perception and affective response to food products and our food choices is timely. Thus, in this Special Issue collection “Consumer Preferences and Acceptance of Food Products”, we bring together articles which encompass the wide scope of multidisciplinary research in the space related to the determination of key factors involved linked to fundamental interactions, cross-modal effects in different contexts and eating scenarios, as well as studies that utilize unique study design approaches and methodologies.

perovskite-type oxide (PTO) --- cobalt --- gallium --- potassium --- higher alcohols --- syngas --- perovskites --- advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) --- Fenton-like --- peroxymonosulfate --- heterogeneous photocatalysis --- Fe-substitution --- operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy --- oxygen evolution reaction --- double perovskite catalysts --- oxy(hydroxide) --- heterogeneous catalysis --- surface science --- materials science --- CO oxidation --- DFT calculations --- transition metal doping --- nickel --- La0.3Sr0.55Ti0.95Ni0.05O3±δ --- catalyst regeneration --- structural reversibility --- H2S --- solid oxide fuel cell --- sol-gel method --- LaFeO3 --- visible light photocatalysis --- perovskite-type structure --- Mott-Schottky plot --- perovskite --- NO to NO2 oxidation --- NOx storage capacity --- LNT catalysts --- NO oxidation --- catalytic oxidation --- nitric oxide --- nitric acid --- ostwald’s process --- in situ --- LaCoO3 --- LaMnO3 --- LaNiO3 --- volatile organic compounds --- reactive grinding --- toluene --- n/a --- ostwald's process

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The subject of this book is ""Biofuel and Bioenergy Technology"". It aims to publish high-quality review and research papers, addressing recent advances in biofuel and bioenergy. State-of-the-art studies of advanced techniques of biorefinery for biofuel production are also included. Research involving experimental studies, recent developments, and novel and emerging technologies in this field are covered. This book contains twenty-seven technical papers which cover diversified biofuel and bioenergy technology-related research that have shown critical results and contributed significant findings to the fields of biomass processing, pyrolysis, bio-oil and its emulsification; transesterification and biodiesel, gasification and syngas, fermentation and biogas/methane, bioethanol and alcohol-based fuels, solid fuel and biochar, and microbial fuel cell and power generation development. The published contents relate to the most important techniques and analyses applied in the biofuel and bioenergy technology.

equilibrium model --- simulation --- syngas --- waste biomass --- calcination --- polymer electrolyte membrane --- combined pretreatment --- anaerobic digestion --- alkali pretreatment --- validation --- biodiesel --- synergistic effect --- relative humidity --- unbleached paper --- synergistic effects --- waste wood --- RSM --- stone fruit --- corn stover --- microbial community --- fatty acid methyl ester --- acid pretreatment --- energy exchange --- coal-fired flue-gas --- bio-electro-Fenton microbial fuel cells (Bio-E-Fenton MFCs) --- SOFC --- lignocellulose --- bio-oils --- diesel --- seed oil --- Clostridiales --- liquefaction --- sewage sludge --- counter-flow structure --- lignin recovery --- Vietnam --- iodine value --- hydrodynamic boundary layer --- energy yield --- second-generation biodiesel --- CHO index --- Jerusalem artichoke --- Carica papaya --- mass yield --- biochemical methane potential --- Chlorella --- engine performance --- emulsification --- single cell oil --- chemical oxygen demand (COD) --- anaerobic fermentation --- superabsorbent polymer --- isopropanol --- viscosity --- esterification --- mathematical modeling --- charge transfer resistance --- ball mill --- Annona muricata --- membrane bioreactors --- ethanol organosolv --- direct transesterification --- Methanothermobacter --- screening --- Rhodotorula glutinis --- pyrolytic oil --- acetone --- soursop --- degradation --- torrefaction --- alcohols --- electroactive biofilm --- nitric acid --- organosolv pretreatment --- optimisation --- digester performance --- biodiesel production --- air-steam gasification --- acidity index --- prairie cord grass --- thermophoretic force --- recirculation mode --- wastewater --- alkanes --- tar --- biogas production --- two-step process --- thermogravimetric analysis --- electrochemical hydrogenation --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- herbaceous biomass --- hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio --- solid biofuel --- biodiesel testing --- catalyst --- exergy --- membrane contamination --- characterisation --- Nejayote --- methane --- photo catalyst --- gross calorific value --- bioreactors --- wastewater treatment --- response surface methodology --- MFC --- redox potential reduction --- microbial biofuel --- ethanol fermentation --- mechanical durability --- Van Krevelen diagram --- biodiesel property --- direct interspecies electron transfer --- lignocellulosic biomass --- methane and carbon dioxide conversion --- liquid lipase --- non-premixed combustion --- hydrogen-producing bacteria --- surfactant --- Taguchi method --- shear rate --- carbon dioxide --- calorific value --- biomass fuel --- granular activated carbon --- porosity --- biogas --- Miscanthus --- mixotrophic cultivation --- first-law/second-law efficiency --- voltage --- microbial community composition --- small-scale biogas plants --- mechanical pretreatment --- developing countries --- transesterification --- process stability --- co-surfactant --- thermophilic anaerobic digestion --- tri-reforming process --- metabolic engineering --- exergy efficiency