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In the thirteenth century, Italian merchant and explorer Marco Polo traveled from Venice to the far reaches of Asia, a journey he chronicled in a narrative titled Il Milione, later known as The Travels of Marco Polo. While Polo's writings would go on to inspire the likes of Christopher Columbus, scholars have long debated their veracity. Some have argued that Polo never even reached China, while others believe that he came as far as the Americas. Now, there's new evidence for this historical puzzle: a very curious collection of fourteen little-known maps and related documents said to have belonged to the family of Marco Polo himself. In The Mysteries of the Marco Polo Maps, historian of cartography Benjamin B. Olshin offers the first credible book-length analysis of these artifacts, charting their course from obscure origins in the private collection of Italian-American immigrant Marcian Rossi in the 1930s; to investigations of their authenticity by the Library of Congress, J. Edgar Hoover, and the FBI; to the work of the late cartographic scholar Leo Bagrow; to Olshin's own efforts to track down and study the Rossi maps, all but one of which are in the possession of Rossi's great-grandson Jeffrey Pendergraft. Are the maps forgeries, facsimiles, or modernized copies? Did Marco Polo's daughters-whose names appear on several of the artifacts-preserve in them geographic information about Asia first recorded by their father? Or did they inherit maps created by him? Did Marco Polo entrust the maps to Admiral Ruggero Sanseverino, who has links to Rossi's family line? Or, if the maps have no connection to Marco Polo, who made them, when, and why? Regardless of the maps' provenance, Olshin's tale-stretching from the remote reaches of the northern Pacific to early Chinese legends-takes readers on a journey confounding yet fascinating, offering insights into Italian history, the age of exploration, and the wonders of cartography.
Cartography --- History. --- Polo, Marco,
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Travel, Medieval --- Polo, Marco, --- Asia --- Description and travel
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Travel, Medieval --- Polo, Marco, --- Asia --- Description and travel
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Few figures from history evoke such vivid Orientalist associations as Marco Polo, the Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer whose accounts of the "Far East" sparked literary and cultural imaginations. The essays in Marco Polo and the Encounter of East and West challenge what many scholars perceived to be an opposition of "East" and "West" in Polo's writings. These writers argue that Marco Polo's experiences along the Silk Road should instead be considered a fertile interaction of cultural exchange. The volume begins with detailed studies of Marco Polo's narrative in its many medieval forms (including French, Italian, and Latin versions). They place the text in its material and generic contexts, and situate Marco Polo's account within the conventions of travel literature and manuscript illumination. Other essays consider the appropriation of Marco Polo's narrative in adaptations, translation, and cinematic art. The concluding section presents historiographic and poetic accounts of the place of Marco Polo in the context of a global world literature. By considering the production and reception of The Travels, this collection lays the groundwork for new histories of world literature written from the perspective of cultural, economic, and linguistic exchange, rather than conquest and conflict.
East and West. --- Travelers' writings --- Travel, Medieval. --- Geography, Medieval. --- Orient et Occident. --- Écrits de voyageurs --- Voyage --- Géographie médiévale. --- Geography --- Medieval geography --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilization, Western --- Civilization, Oriental --- Occident and Orient --- Orient and Occident --- West and East --- Eastern question --- History and criticism. --- Histoire et critique. --- Histoire --- Asian influences --- Oriental influences --- Western influences --- Polo, Marco, --- Marco Polo --- Polo, Marco --- マルコ・ポーロ --- ポーロ, マルコ --- 馬可波羅 --- Travels of Marco Polo (Polo, Marco) --- Livres des merveilles du monde (Polo, Marco) --- Divisament du monde (Polo, Marco) --- Description of the world (Polo, Marco) --- Milione (Polo, Marco) --- Delle maravigliose cose del mondo (Polo, Marco) --- Ecrits de voyageurs --- Geographie medievale.
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First published in 1931. None of the manuscripts which have come down to us represent the original form of Marco Polo's narrative, but it is clear that certain texts are closer to the lost original than others. Entrusted with the task of preparing a new Italian edition of Marco Polo, Benedetto discovered many unknown manuscripts. He carefully edited the most famous of the manuscripts (the Geographic text) and collated it with the other best known ones. · An invaluable index has been added to Aldo Ricci's of Benedetto's text, which includes all the identifications made in the Geographic tex
Voyages and travels. --- Mongols --- Journeys --- Travel books --- Travels --- Trips --- Voyages and travels --- Geography --- Adventure and adventurers --- Travel --- Travelers --- History. --- Polo, Marco, --- Marco Polo --- Polo, Marco --- マルコ・ポーロ --- ポーロ, マルコ --- 馬可波羅 --- Asia --- Description and travel
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In Marco Polo was in China Hans Ulrich Vogel offers an innovative look at the highly complex topics of currencies, salt production and taxes, commercial levies and other kinds of revenue as well as the administrative geography of the Mongol Yuan empire. The author’s rigorous analysis of Chinese sources and all the important Marco Polo manuscripts as well as his thorough scrutiny of Japanese, Chinese and Western scholarship show that the fascinating information contained in Le devisament dou monde agrees almost pefectly with that we find in Chinese sources, the latter only available long after Marco Polo’s stay in China. Hence, the author concludes that, despite the doubts that have been raised, the Venetian was indeed in Khubilai Khan’s realm.
Money --- Taxation --- Salt --- History --- History. --- Polo, Marco, --- S03/0230 --- S10/0300 --- China: Geography, description and travel--Marco Polo --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Money and banking: general and before 1911 --- Brine --- Halite --- Sodium chloride --- Table salt --- Chlorides --- Halide minerals --- Sodium salts --- Taxation&delete& --- Bolo, Margo, --- Mārkkōpōlō, --- Paulo, Marco, --- Pavlov z Benátek, Marko, --- Pavlov, Marko, --- Polo, Marko, --- Поло, Марко, --- Ma-kʻo-po-lo, --- Paulus, Marcus, --- Marcus Paulus, --- Marco Polo, --- Po-lo, Ma-kʻo, --- Makeboluo, --- Marcus, --- 馬可波羅, --- 馬哥孛羅, --- E-books --- Marco Polo --- Polo, Marco --- マルコ・ポーロ --- ポーロ, マルコ --- 馬可波羅
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Polo, Marco --- Explorations --- Geschiedenis van de nieuwe tijden --- Histoire des temps modernes --- Ontdekkingsreizen --- Polo, M. --- #gsdb8 --- S03/0230 --- S03/0450 --- Marco Polo --- Zijderoute --- ontdekkingsreizigers --- geschiedenis --- 903.3 --- Ontdekkingsreizen - Expedities --- Ontdekkingsreizigers --- China: Geography, description and travel--Marco Polo --- China: Geography, description and travel--Silk route --- geschiedenis van de ontdekkingsreizen en ontdekkingsreizigers tot c. 1900
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In Trade and Romance, Michael Murrin examines the complex relations between the expansion of trade in Asia and the production of heroic romance in Europe from the second half of the thirteenth century through the late seventeenth century. He shows how these tales of romance, ostensibly meant for the aristocracy, were important to the growing mercantile class as a way to gauge their own experiences in traveling to and trading in these exotic locales. Murrin also looks at the role that growing knowledge of geography played in the writing of the creative literature of the period, tracking how accurate, or inaccurate, these writers were in depicting far-flung destinations, from Iran and the Caspian Sea all the way to the Pacific. With reference to an impressive range of major works in several languages-including the works of Marco Polo, Geoffrey Chaucer, Matteo Maria Boiardo, Luís de Camões, Fernão Mendes Pinto, Edmund Spenser, John Milton, and more-Murrin tracks numerous accounts by traders and merchants through the literature, first on the Silk Road, beginning in the mid-thirteenth century; then on the water route to India, Japan, and China via the Cape of Good Hope; and, finally, the overland route through Siberia to Beijing. All of these routes, originally used to exchange commodities, quickly became paths to knowledge as well, enabling information to pass, if sometimes vaguely and intermittently, between Europe and the Far East. These new tales of distant shores fired the imagination of Europe and made their way, with surprising accuracy, as Murrin shows, into the poetry of the period.
Commerce --- Romance literature --- Trade routes. --- Commercial routes --- Foreign trade routes --- Ocean routes --- Routes of trade --- Sea lines of communication --- Sea routes --- History --- History and criticism. --- Asia --- In literature. --- Polo, Marco, --- Chaucer, Geoffrey, --- Boiardo, Matteo Maria, --- Camões, Luís de, --- Spenser, Edmund, --- Milton, John, --- Huon de Bordeaux. --- Rubinstein, Anton,
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In the thirteenth century, the Mongols created a vast transcontinental empire that functioned as a cultural 'clearing house' for the Old World. Under Mongol auspices various commodities, ideologies and technologies were disseminated across Eurasia. The focus of this path-breaking study is the extensive exchanges between Iran and China. The Mongol rulers of these two ancient civilizations 'shared' the cultural resources of their realms with one another. The result was a lively traffic in specialist personnel and scholarly literature between East and West. These exchanges ranged from cartography to printing, from agriculture to astronomy. The book concludes by asking why the Mongols made such heavy use of sedentary scholars and specialists in the elaboration of their court culture and why they initiated so many exchanges across Eurasia. This is a work of great erudition which crosses new scholarly boundaries in its analysis of communication and culture in the Mongol empire.
History of Asia --- Polo, Marco --- anno 1200-1499 --- China --- Iran --- Mongolia --- S09/0402 --- S23/0525 --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--China and Central Asia --- Mongolia and the Mongols (including Tannu Tuva, Buriats)--Mongolian history: since 1368 --- -China: Foreign relations and world politics--China and Central Asia --- Mongols - Eurasia. --- S23/0520 --- Mongols --- -Mongolians --- Mongolia and the Mongols (including Tannu Tuva, Buriats)--Mongols in Russia and Iran (Tamerlan comes here too) --- República Islâmica do Irã --- Irã --- Persia --- Northern Tier --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- I-lang --- Paras-Iran --- Paras --- Persia-Iran --- I.R.A. --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai︠a︡ Respublika Iran --- I.R.I. --- IRI --- ايران --- جمهورى اسلامى ايران --- Êran --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- Relations --- -Relations --- -Civilization --- -Civilization. --- Mongolians --- Civilization --- Civilization. --- Altaic peoples --- Ethnology --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- Arts and Humanities --- History
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