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Physical safety is a core task of government. It is neither surprising nor unreasonable for government to be held accountable for hazardous substances, for food safety, for flood protection, for the spread of infectious diseases, or for the risks involved in new technologies. In 2011 the Dutch Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations asked the Scientific Council for Government Policy (wrr) to investigate the scope for the development of a generic risk policy in relation to physical safety. Do citizens and businesses take sufficient responsibility for physical safety? Could the government assume a smaller role, and what part could the business community play in this? In this report the WRR argues that in order to answer these questions a distinction needs to be made between incidents, damage, risk and uncertainty. In addition, the wrr recommends that the thinking about responsibility for safety should not be placed in the perspective of a failing government, but that the central focus should be on the ambition of good governance. Finally, the wrr suggests that thinking about safety from the perspective of damage offers a useful framework for thinking through and reassessing the distribution of responsibilities. Responsibility for preventing, limiting and dealing with damage can only be assigned in advance, not retrospectively. Fysieke veiligheid is een voorwaarde voor individuele ontplooiing en ondernemingszin en vormt de basis voor welvaart en welzijn. Mede dankzij decennia van overheidsinterventies is Nederland relatief gezien een veilig land geworden. Het is daarom noch verrassend noch onredelijk dat de maatschappij de overheid aanspreekt op (potentiële) bedreigingen en daadwerkelijke aantastingen van de fysieke veiligheid. De legitimiteit van de overheid kan onder druk komen te staan als de overheid tekortschiet in de zorg voor fysieke veiligheid. Verwachtingen over de rol van de overheid kunnen echter ook overspannen zijn, de overheid kan immers ook geen absolute veiligheid garanderen of voor elke aantasting van de fysieke veiligheid verantwoordelijk worden gehouden. In deze uitgave stelt de WRR dat de overheid niet als enige de prijs voor veiligheid en de rekening voor schade kan betalen. Ook bedrijven en burgers moeten daarvoor verantwoordelijkheid dragen, bijvoorbeeld door zich beter te verzekeren. Met deze reflectie heeft de WRR een waardevolle bijdrage geleverd aan de actuele, belangrijke en principiële discussie over de verhouding tussen overheid en burger op het gebied van fysieke veiligheid.

Public safety

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Terrorism: Patterns of Internationalization provides a systematic analysis of the concepts of internationalization of terrorism. It looks into the stages and processes through which terrorism has spread in various parts of the world and binds together the facts to present a comprehensive picture of the distinguishing features that characterize the internationalization of terrorism-from local to global. Through 11 well-researched chapters, leading experts on terrorism from across five continents express their views and analyze the main patterns, stages, and levels of internationalization of dif

Terrorism --- Public safety. --- Safety, Public --- Human services

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For much of history, pirates and buccaneers constituted one of the most serious threats to maritime activities all over the world. More recently, apart from adventure stories and swashbuckling films, maritime piracy was largely thought of as a thing of the past. This began to change in 1994 when an article in the Far Eastern Economic Review drew public attention to the renaissance of a phenomenon: piracy was back, and it was becoming increasingly violent, involving huge ships in international waters. This book is based on the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held in 2009 in Lisbon, Portugal. Its main purpose was to promote dialogue on the phenomenon of maritime piracy between international policymakers, law enforcement officers, port authorities and other professionals, and to provide a response to the need for research and analysis at an international level on maritime piracy and its connection to terrorism. The book does not simply report on the proceedings of the workshop, but also includes some new topics not covered by the ARW, and is organized in three sections: new methodological approaches to maritime threats; new threats and new challenges in piracy and maritime terrorism and lastly; some selected case studies: different threats, different solutions. The book offers qualified ideas, opinions and talking points to the international practitioner community, will foster debate and help law enforcement agencies and policymakers to face the new world wide maritime threats of piracy and terrorism.

Piracy. --- Maritime terrorism. --- Terrorism --- Maritime piracy --- Offenses against public safety

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This is a chapter from The Criminal Act: The Role and Influence of Routine Activity Theory edited by Martin A. Andresen and Graham Farrell. This chapter is available open access under a CC BY license. Target suitability is a cornerstone of Marcus Felson's routine activities approach, and critical in determining crime rates. Recent research identifies reduced target suitability, via improved security, as central to the 'crime drop' experienced in many countries. Studies in different countries show car theft fell with far more and better vehicle security. Yet increases in household security were more modest and do not track burglary's decrease as well. In this chapter, the authors explain that apparent anomaly as due more to an improvement in the quality of household security leading to reduced burglary. It is further suggested that improvements to home insulation in the UK that brought double glazing may have, somewhat inadvertently, introduced better frames and locks for doors and windows, that in turn reduced household burglary.

Science. --- Science, general. --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Criminology and Criminal Justice. --- Crime Control and Security. --- Public safety. --- Safety, Public --- Human services --- Criminology --- Public safety

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Public safety --- Offenses against public safety --- Urban violence --- Crime prevention --- Prevention --- Crime --- Prevention of crime --- Crimes against public safety --- Safety, Public --- Government policy --- international relations --- delinquency --- intelligence --- security --- organized crime --- Law --- Crime, Criminology and Law Enforcement --- Crime prevention. --- Public safety. --- Prevention. --- Latin America. --- Violence --- Human services --- Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio countries --- Neotropical region --- Neotropics --- New World tropics --- Spanish America --- Criminology. Victimology