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Designed for use by philosophy students, this 2006 book provides an accessible, yet technically sound treatment of modal logic and its philosophical applications. Every effort has been made to simplify the presentation by using diagrams in place of more complex mathematical apparatus. These and other innovations provide philosophers with easy access to a rich variety of topics in modal logic, including a full coverage of quantified modal logic, non-rigid designators, definite descriptions, and the de-re de-dictio distinction. Discussion of philosophical issues concerning the development of modal logic is woven into the text. The book uses natural deduction systems and also includes a diagram technique that extends the method of truth trees to modal logic. This feature provides a foundation for a novel method for showing completeness, one that is easy to extend to systems that include quantifiers.

Modality (Logic) --- Modalité (Logique) --- Modaliteit (logica) --- Modaliteit (logica). --- Modalité (Logique) --- Modal logic --- Logic --- Nonclassical mathematical logic --- Bisimulation --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Modalité (logique) --- Manuels d'enseignement supérieur

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Diane Éthier est professeure au Département de science politique de l'Université de Montréal. Elle est l'auteure de nombreuses publications sur les processus de libéralisation économique et de démocratisation politique.

International relations --- International law --- International agencies --- Relations internationales --- Droit international --- Organisations internationales --- Relations internationales. --- Droit international. --- Organisations internationales. --- International relations. --- International law. --- International agencies. --- Droit pénal international --- Entraide judiciaire internationale --- Manuels d'enseignement supérieur --- politique --- organisations internationales --- droit international --- géopolitique

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"Clouds affect our daily weather and play key roles in the global climate. Through their ability to precipitate, clouds provide virtually all of the fresh water on Earth and are a crucial link in the hydrologic cycle. With ever-increasing importance being placed on quantifiable predictions - from forecasting the local weather to anticipating climate change - we must understand how clouds operate in the real atmosphere, where interactions with natural and anthropogenic pollutants are common. This textbook provides students - whether seasoned or new to the atmospheric sciences - with a quantitative yet approachable path to learning the inner workings of clouds. Developed over many years of the authors' teaching at Pennsylvania State University, Physics and Chemistry of Clouds is an invaluable textbook for advanced students in atmospheric science, meteorology, environmental sciences/engineering and atmospheric chemistry. It is also a very useful reference text for researchers and professionals"-- "Clouds contribute to the environment in many ways. Clouds, through a variety of physical processes acting over many spatial scales, provide both liquid and solid forms of precipitation and nature's only significant source of fresh water. Under extreme circumstances, however, clouds and precipitation may not form at all, leading to prolonged droughts in some regions. At other times and places, too much rain or snow falls, giving rise to devastating floods or blizzards. Liquid rain drops bring usable water directly to the surface, while simultaneously carrying many trace chemicals out of the atmosphere and into the ecosystems of the Earth. Chemical wet deposition thereby supplies nutrients (and sometimes toxic compounds) to both terrestrial and aquatic lifeforms, as well as the weak acids responsible for the weathering of the Earth's crust. The solid forms of precipitation contribute in additional ways to the world as we know it. Snow, for instance, forms the winter snowpacks that dramatically affect the radiation balance and climate of high latitudes on a seasonal basis"--

Clouds --- Atmospheric physics --- Nuages --- Physique de l'atmosphère --- Dynamics --- Textbooks --- Textbooks. --- Dynamique --- Manuels d'enseignement supérieur --- Atmoispheric physics --- Physique de l'atmosphère --- Manuels d'enseignement supérieur --- Aerophysics --- Meteorology, Physical --- Physical meteorology --- Atmospheric science --- Meteorology --- ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS --- TEXTBOOKS --- Atmosphere --- Physics

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Ce tome présente des modèles aléatoires élémentaires (chaînes de Markov à temps discret et continu, lois de valeurs extrêmes) et certaines de leurs applications courantes : algorithmes d'optimisation, gestion des approvisionnements, dimensionnement de files d'attente, fiabilité et dimensionnement d'ouvrages. Des problématiques plus récentes sont également abordées: recherche de séquences exceptionnelles et de zones homogènes de l'ADN, estimation du taux de mutation de l'ADN, phénomènes de coagulation de molécules de polymères ou d'aérosols. Ce tome s'adresse à un public très large d'étudiants et d'enseignants. Le prérequis pour sa lecture est la maîtrise du contenu d'un cours d'initiation aux probabilités.

Markov processes --- Probabilities --- Programming (Mathematics) --- Statistics --- Markov, Processus de --- Probabilités --- Programmation (Mathématiques) --- Statistique --- Textbooks. --- Textbooks --- Manuels scolaires --- Mathematics --- Mathematical Statistics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Manuels d'enseignement supérieur --- Probabilités --- Programmation (Mathématiques) --- Manuels d'enseignement supérieur --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVMATHE SPRINGER-B --- Mathematical programming --- Goal programming --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Analysis, Markov --- Chains, Markov --- Markoff processes --- Markov analysis --- Markov chains --- Markov models --- Models, Markov --- Processes, Markov --- Mathematics. --- Calculus of variations. --- Probabilities. --- Biomathematics. --- Statistics. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control; Optimization. --- Statistical Theory and Methods. --- Genetics and Population Dynamics. --- Combinations --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- Stochastic processes --- Algorithms --- Functional equations --- Mathematical optimization --- Operations research --- Distribution (Probability theory. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Mathematical statistics. --- Genetics --- Statistics, Mathematical --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Optimization (Mathematics) --- Optimization techniques --- Optimization theory --- Systems optimization --- Mathematical analysis --- Maxima and minima --- Simulation methods --- System analysis --- Distribution functions --- Frequency distribution --- Characteristic functions --- Statistical methods --- Markov, Processus de. --- Statistics . --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical science --- Econometrics --- Isoperimetrical problems --- Variations, Calculus of