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Past research has comprehensively assessed the capabilities of satellite sensors operating at microwave frequencies, both active (SAR, scatterometers) and passive (radiometers), for the remote sensing of Earth’s surface. Besides brightness temperature and backscattering coefficient, microwave indices, defined as a combination of data collected at different frequencies and polarizations, revealed a good sensitivity to hydrological cycle parameters such as surface soil moisture, vegetation water content, and snow depth and its water equivalent. The differences between microwave backscattering and emission at more frequencies and polarizations have been well established in relation to these parameters, enabling operational retrieval algorithms based on microwave indices to be developed. This Special Issue aims at providing an overview of microwave signal capabilities in estimating the main land parameters of the hydrological cycle, e.g., soil moisture, vegetation water content, and snow water equivalent, on both local and global scales, with a particular focus on the applications of microwave indices.

time series analysis --- passive microwave soil moisture --- Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 --- Snow Depth and Snow Water Equivalent --- snow cover characteristics --- vegetation biomass --- roughness --- sea ice --- SMOS --- microwave radiometry --- soil moisture downscaling --- Vegetation Biomass --- vegetation index --- Terra MODIS --- Sentinel-1 --- Microwave Indices --- soil moisture content --- dual-frequency ratios --- SMAP --- passive microwave --- water-cloud model --- snow --- Sentinel-1 backscatter --- AMSR2 --- data fusion --- microwaves --- mountain region --- SAR --- start of season --- crops --- NDVI --- scatterometer --- Radarsat-2 --- polarization --- vegetation water content --- co-pol ratio --- active microwaves --- microwave indices --- harvest --- Microwave Radiometry --- soil moisture --- Soil Moisture Content --- snow correlation length --- radiometer --- radar --- soil scattering --- vegetation descriptor --- scale gap --- snow water equivalent

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Food safety and quality represent a major concern worldwide, not only for the potential risk to consumers’ health but also for the economic losses occurring in food industries. A complete quality system involves raw matter, environmental conditions, production processes, storage and distribution, taking into account the purpose for which the end product is intended. Appropriate analytical methods combined with good hygiene practices are essential to ensure a safe food supply and/or to minimize the occurrence of foodborne outbreaks due to the consumption of food contaminated with pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and parasites. On the other hand, the lack of measures able to detect quality deterioration, spoilage, authenticity and adulteration, as well as texture, rheology and sensory properties of food can affect the food industry economy and reduce consumer confidence. The use of rapid analytical methods can benefit food companies in saving time and cost, indicating the importance of developing new reliable assays for good and fast control of products throughout the whole food chain.

honey --- water activity --- moisture content --- regression --- categorical testing --- QuEChERS --- dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction --- sulfuric acid treatment --- gas chromatography --- tandem mass spectrometry --- priority substances --- fish samples --- Trichinella spp. --- slaughterhouse --- accreditation --- proficiency testing --- PAH content --- Hercegovačka pečenica --- traditional smoking --- industrial smoking --- Listeria monocytogenes --- outbreak --- molecular methods --- real-time PCR --- screening --- Anisakis spp. --- LAMP --- validation --- anisakidae family --- NIR --- PLS --- PCA --- correlogram --- sensory analysis --- gold nanoparticles --- histamine --- UV-visible and fluorescence --- visual detection --- spoilage marker --- safety --- assay --- pollutants --- polyciclic aromatic hydrocarbons --- Trichinella --- Anisakis --- nanoparticles

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To promote scientific understanding of surface processes in East Asia, we have published details of the CMADS dataset in the journal, Water, and expect that users around the world will learn about CMADS datasets while promoting the development of hydrometeorological disciplines in East Asia. We hope and firmly believe that scientific development in East Asia and our understanding of this typical region will be further advanced.

sensitivity analysis --- non-point source pollution models --- reservoirs --- operation rule --- East Asia --- climate variability --- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) --- potential evapotranspiration --- precipitation --- capacity distribution --- GLUE --- soil temperature --- land use change --- JBR --- CFSR --- Jinsha River Basin --- impact --- runoff --- CMADS --- hydrological modeling --- aggregated reservoir --- reanalysis products --- Lijiang River --- spatio-temporal --- uncertainty --- total nitrogen --- Han River --- streamflow simulation --- meteorological --- CMADS-ST --- Erhai Lake Basin --- uncertainty analysis --- Biliuhe reservoir --- hydrological --- bayesian model averaging --- blue and green water flows --- SUFI-2 --- TMPA-3B42V7 --- statistical analysis --- satellite-derived rainfall --- streamflow --- satellite-based products --- Xiang River basin --- SWAT hydrological simulation --- PERSIANN-CDR --- hydrological processes --- SUFI2 --- CMADS dataset --- ParaSol --- hydrological modelling --- accumulation --- meteorological input uncertainty --- soil moisture content --- Yellow River --- SWAT --- Noah LSM-HMS --- sediment yield --- Yalong River --- TRMM --- Penman-Monteith --- IMERG --- PERSIANN --- hydrological elements --- freeze–thaw period --- land-use change --- parameter sensitivity --- China --- reservoir parameters --- soil moisture --- sloping black soil farmland --- hydrological model --- SWAT model --- hydrologic model

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Twelve edited original papers on the latest and state-of-art results of topics ranging from calibration, validation, and science to a wide range of applications using ALOS-2/PALSAR-2. We hope you will find them useful for your future research.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- Sentinel-1 --- ALOS/PALSAR-2 --- land subsidence --- accuracy assessment --- Alexandria City --- Egypt --- local climate zone --- random forest --- feature importance --- land surface temperature --- grid cells --- Sentinel-2 --- PALSAR-2 --- ASTER --- soil moisture --- ALOS-2 --- GA-BP --- water cloud model --- L-band --- SAR --- backscattering --- soil moisture content --- LAI --- HH and HV polarization --- flood --- NoBADI --- Florida --- Hurricane Irma --- synthetic aperture radar --- polarimetric radar --- co-polarized phase difference --- radar scattering --- vegetation --- radar applications --- agriculture --- leaf area index --- leave-one-out cross-validation --- oil palm --- radar vegetation index --- vegetation descriptors --- ecosystem carbon cycle --- L-band SAR --- vegetation index --- random forest regression --- plantation --- permafrost --- InSAR --- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau --- ALOS --- thermal melting collapse --- Sentinel-1A --- SBAS-InSAR --- heavy forest area --- potential landslide identification --- SAR-based landslide detection --- Growing Split-Based Approach (GSBA) --- Hokkaido landslide --- Putanpunas landslide --- SAR polarimetry --- model-free 3-component decomposition for full polarimetric data (MF3CF) --- radar polarimetry --- calibration --- Faraday rotation

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The Special Issue book presents some works considered innovative in the field of geotechnics and whose practical application may occur in the near future. This collection of twelve papers, in addition to their scientific merit, addresses some of the current and future challenges in geotechnics. The published papers cover a wide range of emerging topics with a specific focus on the research, design, construction, and performance of geotechnical works. These works are expected to inspire the development of geotechnics, contributing to the future construction of more resilient and sustainable geotechnical structures.

ground improvement --- earth reinforcement --- geotextiles --- numerical analysis --- spatial TDR --- moisture content --- soil suction --- SWRC --- transient flow --- excess pore water pressure --- pond filling rates --- upstream tailings dam --- AdaBoost --- support vector machine --- k-nearest neighbor --- random forest --- rockfill materials --- shear strength --- cement-treated soil --- cellulose nanofibre --- strength --- permeability --- sulfate-bearing soil --- ettringite --- soil stabilization --- gypseous soil --- calcium-based stabilizer --- non-calcium-based stabilizer --- biopolymer --- soil stabilisation xanthan gum --- sandy soil --- cement --- soil contamination --- oil field --- SEM --- treatment --- soil-cement mixtures --- fibers --- mechanical properties --- machine learning --- artificial neural networks --- soil improvement --- multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) --- unconfined compressive strength tests --- surfactant --- quality control --- quality assurance --- deep mixing method --- cemented iron ore tailings behaviour --- filtered tailings stacking --- Portland cement --- compaction --- n/a