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L’essai clinique, pratiqué sur l’homme, constitue une procédure décisive pour l’enregistrement d’un médicament avant sa commercialisation : il est destiné à en confirmer l’innocuité et l’efficacité. Mais les rares essais cliniques réalisés dans les pays en développement sont, le plus souvent, menés dans une perspective de simple délocalisation. Il est donc important que ces pays s’approprient cette expérimentation pour contourner les exigences de l’industrie pharmaceutique et maîtriser leur propre stratégie de santé publique. Cette étape nécessaire doit pouvoir être effectuée dans les pays du Sud pour des médicaments appropriés aux besoins spécifiques des populations. Par ailleurs, l’extension des essais cliniques y favoriserait une exploitation de la pharmacopée traditionnelle dans des conditions rigoureuses. Cet ouvrage décrit chacune des étapes de l’essai clinique, de la préparation jusqu’à l’interprétation des résultats, en soulignant les difficultés particulières aux essais menés dans les pays en développement, notamment en Afrique. Les dimensions culturelles de la maladie et les pratiques thérapeutiques ainsi que l’histoire de l’expérimentation fondent des approches propres de l’éthique qui sont exposées en contrepoint des paradigmes occidentaux. Les coutumes et usages influent également sur la réalisation pratique des essais cliniques, ce qui impose de nombreuses adaptations méthodologiques. Ce manuel s’adresse aux personnels de santé, aussi bien aux cliniciens amenés à effectuer des essais cliniques en Afrique qu’aux professionnels du médicament, aux promoteurs et aux responsables administratifs et politiques des pays africains appelés à se mobiliser pour que ce continent accède à une véritable indépendance sanitaire.

Public Health & Health Care Science --- étude clinique --- Afrique --- éthique médicale --- recherche médicale --- déontologie

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Nature Reviews Neuroscience is the leading review journal in the neurosciences. It publishes articles that review recent progress in brain and nervous system research. Topics range from molecular and cellular aspects of neuronal development and function to behavior, cognition and disorders of the nervous system. By commissioning the best authors to write on the timeliest issues, and following a rigorous peer-review process, the journal provides an unparalleled source of information and opinion for neuroscientists in academia, clinical research and industry. One of the unique features of Nature Reviews Neuroscience is its extraordinary breadth and depth of coverage. This very broad scope – from molecules to mind – captures the essence of modern neuroscience, and allows the journal to attract readers from all areas of this ever-expanding discipline.

Neurosciences --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- Neurosciences. --- Mensuels. --- Neurologie. --- Recherche médicale. --- Health Sciences --- Clinical Medicine --- General and Others --- Périodiques --- EBSCOASP-E EJMEDEC EPUB-ALPHA-N EPUB-PER-FT MDNEUROL NPG-E --- Physiology of nerves and sense organs --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Medicine --- Behavioral sciences --- Neurobiology --- Biology --- Biomedicine, general --- Behavioral Sciences --- Biological Techniques --- Animal Genetics and Genomics --- Technique --- Health Workforce --- MDNEUROL --- Neurology. --- 591.18 <05> --- Functions of the nervous system--Tijdschriften

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Mucosal Immunology is the official publication of the Society of Mucosal Immunology (SMI). It aims to provide a forum for both basic and clinical scientists to discuss all aspects of immunity and inflammation involving mucosal tissues. The journal reflects the interests of scientists studying gastrointestinal, pulmonary, nasopharyngeal, oral, ocular, and genitourinary immunology through the publication of original research articles, scholarly reviews, and timely commentaries, editorials and letters. Publication of basic, translational, and clinical studies will all be given equal consideration. In addition, Mucosal Immunology aims to provide a primary method of communication for the SMI governing board and its members through the publication of society news, announcements of planned meetings and conferences, discussions of policy concerns, and advertisements for job and training opportunities.

Immunology. Immunopathology --- Mucous membrane --- Mucous Membrane --- Immunity, Mucosal --- Muqueuses --- Mensuels. --- Immunologie. --- Recherche médicale. --- Immunology --- immunology. --- physiology. --- Immunologie --- Infections --- Immunology. --- Agriculture Sciences --- Soil Chemistry, Microbiology, Fertility & Fertilizers --- Mucosa --- Mucosal tissue --- Tunica mucosa --- immunology --- physiology --- Immune Response, Mucosal --- Mucosal Immunity --- Immune Responses, Mucosal --- Mucosal Immune Response --- Mucosal Immune Responses --- Mucous Membranes --- Lamina Propria --- Mucosal Tissue --- Muscularis Mucosae --- Membrane, Mucous --- Membranes, Mucous --- Mucosae, Muscularis --- Mucosal Tissues --- Propria, Lamina --- Tissue, Mucosal --- Tissues, Mucosal --- Administration, Mucosal --- Epithelium --- Membranes (Biology) --- Immunity, Mucosal. --- Medicine --- Antibodies --- Allergy --- Gastroenterology --- Biomedicine, general --- Allergology --- Internal medicine --- Digestive organs --- Allergic diseases --- Allergies --- Hypersensitivity --- Hypersensitivity, Immediate --- Immediate allergy --- Immediate hypersensitivity --- Immunologic diseases --- Immunoglobulin E --- Immune globulins --- Immune serum globulin --- Blood proteins --- Globulins --- Plasma cells --- Antibody diversity --- Antigens --- Bacterial immunoglobulin-binding proteins --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Health Workforce --- Diseases

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Immunology is a diverse and growing discipline that can be defined as the study of the tissues, cells and molecules involved in host defence mechanisms, how the body defends itself against disease, and what happens when it all goes wrong. Nature Reviews Immunology provides in-depth coverage of this field, from fundamental mechanisms to translational aspects of basic research, and reviews the field’s most important developments. All Review and Perspective articles are carefully commissioned by the editors and written by leaders in the field. Articles are subject to rigorous peer review and provide high-quality and authoritative coverage of the field in each issue. Articles are carefully tailored by the editors to provide accessible information for non-specialists, and this is additionally enhanced with the use of Glossary terms and highlighted references. Each issue also contains Research Highlight articles – short pieces written by the editors that summarize the results from recent hot research papers.

Immunology. Immunopathology --- Immunity. --- Hypersensitivity. --- Immune System. --- Immunologic Diseases. --- Research. --- Immunology --- Immunologic diseases --- Immunity --- Immunologie --- Maladies immunologiques --- Immunité --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Immune System Diseases. --- Mensuels. --- Immunologie. --- Recherche médicale. --- Immunologic diseases. --- Immunology. --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Ethics, Research --- Disease --- Immunoglobulins --- Immune Systems --- System, Immune --- Systems, Immune --- Diseases of Immune System --- Immune Diseases --- Immunological Diseases --- Immune Disorders --- Immunologic Diseases --- Disease, Immune --- Disease, Immune System --- Disease, Immunologic --- Disease, Immunological --- Diseases, Immune --- Diseases, Immune System --- Diseases, Immunologic --- Diseases, Immunological --- Disorder, Immune --- Disorders, Immune --- Immune Disease --- Immune Disorder --- Immune System Disease --- Immunologic Disease --- Immunological Disease --- Allergic Reaction --- Allergy --- Allergic Reactions --- Allergies --- Hypersensitivities --- Reaction, Allergic --- Reactions, Allergic --- immunology --- Periodicals --- Agriculture Sciences --- Chemistry --- Health Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Soil Chemistry, Microbiology, Fertility & Fertilizers --- Biochemistry --- General and Others --- Cytology, Cell Biology --- Micro and Molecular Biology --- Immunité --- Périodiques --- Immune diseases --- Immune disorders --- Immune system --- Immunologic disorders --- Immunological diseases --- Immunobiology --- Diseases --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Immune System Disorders --- Disorder, Immune System --- Immune System Disorder --- Medicine --- Biomedicine, general --- Health Workforce --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Immune Process --- Immune Response --- Immune Processes --- Immune Responses --- Process, Immune --- Response, Immune --- Hypersensitivity --- Immune system diseases --- Research --- Immune System Diseases --- Immune System

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How to create the conditions favoring biomedical innovation and how to orient research? Elias Zerhouni advocates for the concept of integrated health according to which social and political innovations must enter into synergy with biomedical innovation. Deciphering what the medicine of tomorrow will be - predictive , personalized , preemptive and participative -, he explains why we must preserve the freedom of researchers and how we can encourage innovation in the conduct of scientific projects.

Medicine --- Biology --- Medical innovations --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- History, Modern 1601 --- -Patient Care Management --- Research --- Communication --- Health Care --- History --- Information Science --- Health Services Administration --- Science --- Humanities --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- History, 21st Century --- Delivery of Health Care --- Diffusion of Innovation --- Biomedical Research --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medical Research --- Sciences --- Administration, Health Services --- Health Services --- Information Sciences --- Science, Information --- Sciences, Information --- Aspects, Historical --- Historical Aspects --- Aspect, Historical --- Historical Aspect --- Histories --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Communication Programs --- Communications Personnel --- Misinformation --- Personal Communication --- Communication Program --- Communication, Personal --- Personnel, Communications --- Program, Communication --- Programs, Communication --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Ethics, Research --- Care Management, Patient --- Management, Patient Care --- History of Medicine, Modern --- Medicine, Modern --- Modern History (Medicine) --- Modern Medicine --- History, Modern --- Modern History --- 1601- History, Modern --- History, Modern (Medicine) --- Modern 1601- History --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Innovations, Medical --- Medical technology --- Technological innovations --- Biological research --- Biomedical research --- Health Workforce --- Experimental Medicine --- Investigational Medicine --- Investigative Medicine --- Research, Biomedical --- Research, Medical --- Medicine, Experimental --- Medicine, Investigational --- Medicine, Investigative --- Animals, Laboratory --- Innovation Diffusion --- Diffusion, Innovation --- Culturally Appropriate Technology --- Information Dissemination --- 21st Cent. History (Medicine) --- 21st Cent. History of Medicine --- 21st Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 21st Century --- History of Medicine, 21st Cent. --- History, Twenty-first Century --- Medical History, 21st Cent. --- Medicine, 21st Cent. --- 21st Century History --- 21st Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 21st Cent. Medicines --- 21st Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 21st (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 21st (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 21st --- Cent. Medicines, 21st --- Century Histories, 21st --- Century Histories, Twenty-first --- Century History, 21st --- Century History, Twenty-first --- Histories, 21st Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 21st Century --- Histories, Twenty-first Century --- History, 21st Cent. (Medicine) --- History, Twenty first Century --- Medicines, 21st Cent. --- Twenty-first Century Histories --- Twenty-first Century History --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- organization & administration --- Innovations --- Social Communication --- Communication, Social --- Communications, Social --- Social Communications --- Occupations --- Vocations --- Occupation --- Vocation --- Occupational Groups --- innovation technologique --- médecine --- recherche médicale --- santé publique